Environment and Health, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
Knowledge, Information and Research Center (KIR), Idewe 3001, Heverlee, Belgium.
Occup Med (Lond). 2017 Oct 1;67(7):546-554. doi: 10.1093/occmed/kqx126.
Burnout in healthcare is a worldwide problem. However, most studies focus narrowly on work-related factors and outcomes in one health profession or speciality.
To investigate the prevalence of burnout and its association with job demands, job resources, individual well-being, work-related attitudes and behaviour in physicians and nurses across different specialties.
Multi-centre cross-sectional study of physicians and nurses working in Belgian hospitals. An electronic questionnaire was used to assess job demands (e.g. workload), job resources (e.g. autonomy) and indicators of well-being, work-related attitudes and behaviours. Structural equation modelling was used to examine interrelationships between explanatory variables and outcomes.
1169 physicians and 4531 nurses participated; response rate 26%. High scores (>75th percentile in reference group of Dutch health care workers) were seen in 6% of the sample on three burnout dimensions (i.e. emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal competence) and in 13% for at least two dimensions. In contrast to the other dimensions, emotional exhaustion strongly related to almost all variables examined in the model. Positive associations were seen with workload, role conflicts, emotional burden and work-home interference and negative associations with learning and development opportunities and co-worker support. Emotional exhaustion correlated negatively with well-being, turnover intention, being prepared and able to work until retirement age, medication use, absenteeism and presenteeism.
Work-related factors were critical correlates of emotional exhaustion, which strongly related to poor health and turnover intention. Randomized controlled trials are suggested to underpin the effectiveness of interventions tackling job stressors and promoting job resources.
医疗保健领域的倦怠是一个全球性问题。然而，大多数研究都狭隘地关注一个医疗专业或领域的与工作相关的因素和结果。
调查医生和护士在不同专业 burnout 的患病率及其与工作要求、工作资源、个体幸福感、与工作相关的态度和行为之间的关系。
对在比利时医院工作的医生和护士进行多中心横断面研究。使用电子问卷评估工作要求（如工作量）、工作资源（如自主权）以及幸福感、与工作相关的态度和行为的指标。结构方程模型用于检验解释变量与结果之间的相互关系。
共有 1169 名医生和 4531 名护士参与；回复率为 26%。在 3 个 burnout 维度（即情绪耗竭、去人性化和个人能力）中，有 6%的样本得分较高（参考组荷兰卫生保健工作者的第 75 个百分位数以上），而至少 2 个维度的样本得分较高的占 13%。与其他维度相比，情绪耗竭与模型中检查的几乎所有变量都有很强的关系。与工作量、角色冲突、情绪负担和工作与家庭的干扰呈正相关，与学习和发展机会以及同事支持呈负相关。情绪耗竭与幸福感、离职意向、准备好并能够工作到退休年龄、用药、缺勤和出勤呈负相关。
工作相关因素是情绪耗竭的关键相关因素，而情绪耗竭与健康状况不佳和离职意向密切相关。建议进行随机对照试验，以支持针对工作压力源和促进工作资源的干预措施的有效性。
