Caries Res. 2017;51(6):554-567. doi: 10.1159/000479038. Epub 2017 Oct 12.
This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the action of TiF4 on sound and carious bovine and human enamel. Sound (S) and pre-demineralised (DE) bovine and human (primary and permanent) enamel samples were treated with TiF4 (pH 1.0) or NaF varnishes (pH 5.0), containing 0.95, 1.95, or 2.45% F for 12 h. The enamel surfaces were analysed using SEM-EDX (scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) (n = 10, 5 S and 5 DE) and KOH-soluble fluoride was quantified (n = 20, 10 S and 10 DE). Hydroxyapatite powder produced by precipitation method was treated with the corresponding fluoride solutions for 1 min (n = 2). The formed compounds were detected using X-ray diffraction (XRD). All TiF4 varnishes produced a coating layer rich in Ti and F on all types of enamel surface, with micro-cracks in its extension. TiF4 (1.95 and 2.45% F) provided higher fluoride deposition than NaF, especially for bovine enamel (p < 0.0001). It also induced a higher fluoride deposition on DE samples compared to S samples (p < 0.0001), except for primary enamel. The Ti content was higher for bovine and human primary enamel than human permanent enamel, with some differences between S and DE. The XRD analysis showed that TiF4 induced the formation of new compounds such as CaF2, TiO2, and Ti(HPO4)2·H2O. In conclusion, TiF4 (>0.95% F) interacts better, when compared to NaF, with bovine and human primary enamel than with human permanent enamel. TiF4 provoked higher F deposition compared to NaF. Carious enamel showed higher F uptake than sound enamel by TiF4 application, while Ti uptake was dependent on the enamel condition and origin.
本体外研究旨在评估 TiF4 对正常和脱矿牛牙和人牙釉质的作用。将正常（S）和预脱矿（DE）牛牙和人牙（乳牙和恒牙）釉质样本（n = 10，每组 5 个 S 和 5 个 DE）用 TiF4（pH 1.0）或 NaF 清漆（pH 5.0）处理，含 0.95、1.95 或 2.45% F 处理 12 小时。用 SEM-EDX（扫描电子显微镜/能量色散 X 射线光谱）分析釉质表面（n = 10，每组 5 个 S 和 5 个 DE），并用 KOH 可溶氟定量（n = 20，每组 10 个 S 和 10 个 DE）。用沉淀法制备的羟基磷灰石粉末用相应的氟化物溶液处理 1 分钟（n = 2）。用 X 射线衍射（XRD）检测形成的化合物。所有 TiF4 清漆在所有类型的釉质表面上均形成富含 Ti 和 F 的涂层，其延伸部分有微裂纹。TiF4（1.95% 和 2.45% F）比 NaF 提供更高的氟沉积，尤其是对牛牙釉质（p < 0.0001）。它还诱导 DE 样本比 S 样本（p < 0.0001）有更高的氟沉积，乳牙除外。牛牙和人乳牙的 Ti 含量高于人恒牙，S 样本和 DE 样本之间也存在一些差异。XRD 分析表明，TiF4 诱导了新化合物的形成，如 CaF2、TiO2 和 Ti（HPO4）2·H2O。总之，与 NaF 相比，TiF4 与牛牙和人乳牙的相互作用优于人恒牙。TiF4 比 NaF 引起更高的 F 沉积。与正常釉质相比，用 TiF4 处理时，龋釉质的 F 摄取量更高，而 Ti 摄取量取决于釉质状况和来源。
