Harvey Richard J, Dalgorf Dustin M
Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2013 May 1;27(3):35-38. doi: 10.2500/ajra.2013.27.3894.
Malignant tumors of the sinonasal tract are uncommon tumors of the head and neck. Patients often present in the later years of life with unilateral symptoms and potential involvement of nearby structures such as the orbit, brain, or cranial nerves. Presenting symptoms are similar to patients suffering from inflammatory sinonasal disease and thus early diagnosis relies heavily on a high clinical suspicion. There are established risk factors based on exposure to the by-products of woodworking, metal, textile, and leather industries. Sinonasal malignancies are generally divided into those of epithelial origin (squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and adenoid cystic carcinoma) and nonepithelial origin (olfactory neuroblastoma, chondrosarcoma, and mucosal melanoma). Accurate histopathology confirmation and staging of the tumor is critical prior to making treatment decisions. Both computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are required to accurately determine the extent of local disease. Treatment is based on multimodality therapy, primarily surgical excision, and postoperative radiotherapy. This article reviews the classification of malignant tumors of the paranasal sinuses, their clinical presentation, relevant diagnostic investigations, and the principals of therapy and management.
鼻窦恶性肿瘤是头颈部少见的肿瘤。患者通常在晚年出现单侧症状,并可能累及附近结构,如眼眶、脑或颅神经。其表现症状与鼻窦炎性疾病患者相似,因此早期诊断很大程度上依赖高度的临床怀疑。基于接触木工、金属、纺织和皮革行业的副产品,存在已确定的风险因素。鼻窦恶性肿瘤一般分为上皮源性(鳞状细胞癌、腺癌和腺样囊性癌)和非上皮源性(嗅神经母细胞瘤、软骨肉瘤和黏膜黑色素瘤)。在做出治疗决策之前,准确的组织病理学确诊和肿瘤分期至关重要。计算机断层扫描和磁共振成像均需用于准确确定局部疾病的范围。治疗基于多模式疗法,主要是手术切除和术后放疗。本文综述了鼻窦恶性肿瘤的分类、临床表现、相关诊断检查以及治疗和管理原则。
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