Kawaguchi Masaya, Kato Hiroki, Tomita Hiroyuki, Mizuta Keisuke, Aoki Mitsuhiro, Hara Akira, Matsuo Masayuki
Department of Radiology, Gifu University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan.
Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan.
J Clin Med. 2017 Dec 6;6(12):116. doi: 10.3390/jcm6120116.
Malignancies of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses account for 1% of all malignancies and 3% of malignancies of the upper aerodigestive tract. In the sinonasal tract, nearly half of all malignancies arise in the nasal cavity, whereas most of the remaining malignancies arise in the maxillary or ethmoid sinus. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common histological subtype of malignant tumors occurring in this area, followed by other epithelial carcinomas, lymphomas, and malignant soft tissue tumors. Although many of these tumors present with nonspecific symptoms, each tumor exhibits characteristic imaging features. Although complex anatomy and various normal variants of the sinonasal tract cause difficulty in identifying the origin and extension of large sinonasal tumors, the invasion of vital structures such as the brain, optic nerves, and internal carotid artery affects patients' prognosis. Thus, diagnostic imaging plays a key role in predicting the histological subtype and in evaluating a tumor extension into adjacent structures. This article describes the computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings for malignant sinonasal tumors.
鼻腔和鼻窦恶性肿瘤占所有恶性肿瘤的1%,占上呼吸道消化道恶性肿瘤的3%。在鼻窦区,近一半的恶性肿瘤发生在鼻腔,其余大部分恶性肿瘤发生在上颌窦或筛窦。鳞状细胞癌是该区域最常见的恶性肿瘤组织学亚型,其次是其他上皮癌、淋巴瘤和恶性软组织肿瘤。虽然这些肿瘤大多表现为非特异性症状,但每种肿瘤都有其特征性的影像学表现。尽管鼻窦区复杂的解剖结构和各种正常变异给确定大的鼻窦肿瘤的起源和范围带来困难,但肿瘤侵犯脑、视神经和颈内动脉等重要结构会影响患者的预后。因此,诊断性影像学在预测组织学亚型和评估肿瘤向邻近结构的扩展方面起着关键作用。本文描述了鼻窦恶性肿瘤的计算机断层扫描和磁共振成像表现。
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