Department of Pathology &Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8118, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Inc., Infectious Diseases Area, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, USA.
Nat Rev Microbiol. 2017 Oct 12;15(11):697-703. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro.2017.103.
Antimicrobial resistance constitutes a global burden and is one of the major threats to public health. Although the emergence of resistant microorganisms is a natural phenomenon, the overuse or inappropriate use of antimicrobials has had a great effect on resistance evolution. Rapid diagnostic tests that identify drug-resistant bacteria, determine antimicrobial susceptibility and distinguish viral from bacterial infections can guide effective treatment strategies. Moreover, rapid diagnostic tests could facilitate epidemiological surveillance, as emerging resistant infectious agents and transmission can be monitored. In this Viewpoint article, several experts in the field discuss the drawbacks of current diagnostic methods that are used to identify antimicrobial resistance, novel diagnostic strategies and how such rapid tests can inform drug development and the surveillance of resistance evolution.
抗菌药物耐药性是全球面临的重大挑战之一，也是对公众健康的主要威胁之一。虽然耐药微生物的出现是一种自然现象，但抗菌药物的过度使用或不当使用对抗微生物耐药性的进化产生了重大影响。能够识别耐药菌、确定抗菌药物敏感性并区分病毒与细菌感染的快速诊断检测方法，可以指导有效的治疗策略。此外，快速诊断检测还可以促进流行病学监测，因为可以监测新出现的耐药性感染病原体和传播情况。在这篇观点文章中，该领域的几位专家讨论了目前用于鉴定抗菌药物耐药性的诊断方法的缺陷、新的诊断策略以及这些快速检测如何为药物开发和耐药性进化监测提供信息。
