Lee Mi Ra, Ma Jin Yeul, Sung Chang Keun
Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
J Ginseng Res. 2017 Oct;41(4):615-619. doi: 10.1016/j.jgr.2017.06.002. Epub 2017 Jun 20.
Black ginseng has a more potent biological activity than non-steamed ginseng. We investigated the effects of long-term intake of dietary black ginseng extract (BG) on antioxidant activity in aged mice. We also compared the effects of BG on cognitive deficits with those of white ginseng extract (WG) and red ginseng extract (RG).
Ten-month-old mice were fed an AIN-93G-based diet containing 10 g/kg (low dose, L) or 30 g/kg (high dose, H) WG powder, RG powder, or BG powder for 24 wk. We measured serum lipids, the activities of antioxidant enzymes, and malondialdehyde levels. Additionally, the protein expression levels of choline acetyltransferase and vesicular acetylcholine transporter, which are presynaptic cholinergic markers in the cortex and hippocampus of the brain, were measured by western blotting.
Triglyceride levels were reduced in all the extract-treated mice, except those in the LBG group. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the HBG group were higher than those in the control group. Total cholesterol levels were reduced in the LBG group. Additionally, glucose levels in the HBG group were significantly reduced by 41.2%. There were lower levels of malondialdehyde in the LBG group than in the control group. Furthermore, glutathione reductase activity increased in the HWG group and the HRG group. The protein expression levels of choline acetyltransferase and vesicular acetylcholine transporter significantly increased in all the ginseng-treated groups.
The results suggest that supplementation with the tested ginseng extracts may suppress the cognitive decline associated with aging, via regulation of the cholinergic and antioxidant defense systems.
黑参比未蒸煮的人参具有更强的生物活性。我们研究了长期摄入膳食黑参提取物（BG）对老年小鼠抗氧化活性的影响。我们还比较了BG与白参提取物（WG）和红参提取物（RG）对认知缺陷的影响。
给10个月大的小鼠喂食基于AIN-93G的饮食，其中含有10 g/kg（低剂量，L）或30 g/kg（高剂量，H）的WG粉末、RG粉末或BG粉末，持续24周。我们测量了血清脂质、抗氧化酶活性和丙二醛水平。此外，通过蛋白质印迹法测量了大脑皮层和海马中突触前胆碱能标志物胆碱乙酰转移酶和囊泡乙酰胆碱转运体的蛋白质表达水平。
除LBG组外，所有提取物处理组的小鼠甘油三酯水平均降低。HBG组的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平高于对照组。LBG组的总胆固醇水平降低。此外，HBG组的葡萄糖水平显著降低了41.2%。LBG组的丙二醛水平低于对照组。此外，HWG组和HRG组的谷胱甘肽还原酶活性增加。所有参处理组的胆碱乙酰转移酶和囊泡乙酰胆碱转运体的蛋白质表达水平均显著增加。
结果表明，补充受试人参提取物可能通过调节胆碱能和抗氧化防御系统来抑制与衰老相关的认知衰退。
