Saba Evelyn, Jeon Bo Ra, Jeong Da-Hye, Lee Kija, Goo Youn-Kyoung, Kim Seung-Hyung, Sung Chang-Keun, Roh Seong-Soo, Kim Sung Dae, Kim Hyun-Kyoung, Rhee Man-Hee
Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology and Cell Signaling, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.
Laboratory of Medical Imaging, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.
J Ginseng Res. 2016 Apr;40(2):160-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jgr.2015.07.003. Epub 2015 Jul 18.
Ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) is a well-characterized medicinal herb listed in the classic oriental herbal dictionary as "Shin-nong-bon-cho-kyung." Ginseng has diverse pharmacologic and therapeutic properties. Black ginseng (BG, Ginseng Radix nigra) is produced by repeatedly steaming fresh ginseng nine times. Studies of BG have shown that prolonged heat treatment enhances the antioxidant activity with increased radical scavenging activity. Several recent studies have showed the effects of BG on increased lipid profiles in mice. In this study report the effects of water and ethanol extracts of BG on hypercholesterolemia in rats. To our knowledge, this is the first time such an effect has been reported.
Experiments were conducted on male Sprague Dawley rats fed with a high-cholesterol diet supplemented with the water and ethanol extracts of BG (200 mg/kg). Their blood cholesterol levels, serum white blood cell levels, and cholesterol-metabolizing marker genes messenger RNA (mRNA) expression were determined. Liver and adipose tissues were histologically analyzed.
We found that BG extracts efficiently reduced the total serum cholesterol levels, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels with increased food efficiency ratio and increased number of neutrophil cells. It also attenuated the key genes responsible for lipogenesis, that is, acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) acetyltransferase 2, 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase, and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2, at the mRNA level inside liver cells. Furthermore, the BG extract also reduced the accumulation of fat in adipose tissues, and inhibited the neutral fat content in liver cells stained with hematoxylin and eosin and oil red O.
Administration of BG extracts to Sprague Dawley rats fed with high-cholesterol diet ameliorated hypercholesterolemia, which was mediated via modulation of cholesterol-metabolizing marker genes. This data throw a light on BG's cardioprotective effects.
人参（Panax ginseng Meyer）是一种特征明确的药草，在经典东方草药典籍《神农本草经》中被记载。人参具有多种药理和治疗特性。黑参（BG，Ginseng Radix nigra）是通过将新鲜人参反复蒸煮九次制成。对黑参的研究表明，长时间热处理可增强抗氧化活性并提高自由基清除活性。最近的几项研究显示了黑参对小鼠血脂升高的影响。在本研究中，报告了黑参水提取物和乙醇提取物对大鼠高胆固醇血症的影响。据我们所知，这是首次报道此类作用。
对喂食高胆固醇饮食并补充黑参水提取物和乙醇提取物（200 mg/kg）的雄性斯普拉格-道利大鼠进行实验。测定它们的血液胆固醇水平、血清白细胞水平以及胆固醇代谢标记基因信使核糖核酸（mRNA）表达。对肝脏和脂肪组织进行组织学分析。
我们发现黑参提取物有效降低了血清总胆固醇水平、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）水平，提高了食物利用率，并增加了中性粒细胞数量。它还在肝细胞内的mRNA水平上减弱了负责脂肪生成的关键基因，即乙酰辅酶A（CoA）乙酰转移酶2、3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶和固醇调节元件结合蛋白2的表达。此外，黑参提取物还减少了脂肪组织中的脂肪积累，并抑制了用苏木精和伊红以及油红O染色的肝细胞中的中性脂肪含量。
给喂食高胆固醇饮食的斯普拉格-道利大鼠施用黑参提取物可改善高胆固醇血症，这是通过调节胆固醇代谢标记基因介导的。该数据揭示了黑参的心脏保护作用。
