Choudhry Qaisra Naheed, Kim Jun Ho, Cho Hyung Taek, Heo Wan, Lee Jeong-Jun, Lee Jin Hyup, Kim Young Jun
Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea.
Food Research and Development Center, Naturetech Co., Ltd., Chungbuk, Republic of Korea.
J Ginseng Res. 2019 Apr;43(2):179-185. doi: 10.1016/j.jgr.2017.10.003. Epub 2017 Oct 21.
Oxidative stress induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which play important causative roles in various pathological conditions. Black ginseng (BG), a type of steam-processed ginseng, has drawn significant attention due to its biological activity, and is more potent than white ginseng (WG) or red ginseng (RG).
We evaluated the protective effects of BG extract (BGE) against oxidative stress-induced cellular damage, in comparison with WG extract (WGE) and RG extract (RGE) in a cell culture model. Ethanolic extracts of WG, RG, and BG were used to evaluate ginsenoside profiles, total polyphenols, flavonoid contents, and antioxidant activity. Using AML-12 cells treated with HO, the protective effects of WGE, RGE, and BGE on cellular redox status, DNA, protein, lipid damage, and apoptosis levels were investigated.
BGE exhibited significantly enhanced antioxidant potential, as well as total flavonoid and polyphenol contents. ATP levels were significantly higher in BGE-treated cells than in control; ROS generation and glutathione disulfide levels were lower but glutathione (GSH) and NADPH levels were higher in BGE-treated cells than in other groups. Pretreatment with BGE inhibited apoptosis and therefore protected cells from oxidative stress-induced cellular damage, probably through ROS scavenging.
Collectively, our results demonstrate that BGE protects AML-12 cells from oxidative stress-induced cellular damages more effectively than WGE or RGE, through ROS scavenging, maintenance of redox status, and activation of the antioxidant defense system.
氧化应激诱导活性氧（ROS）的产生，ROS在各种病理状况中发挥重要的致病作用。黑参（BG）是一种经蒸汽加工的人参，因其生物活性而备受关注，且比白参（WG）或红参（RG）更具功效。
在细胞培养模型中，我们评估了黑参提取物（BGE）与白参提取物（WGE）和红参提取物（RGE）相比，对氧化应激诱导的细胞损伤的保护作用。使用白参、红参和黑参的乙醇提取物来评估人参皂苷谱、总多酚、类黄酮含量和抗氧化活性。使用经过氧化氢（HO）处理的AML-12细胞，研究WGE、RGE和BGE对细胞氧化还原状态、DNA、蛋白质、脂质损伤和凋亡水平的保护作用。
BGE表现出显著增强的抗氧化潜力以及总类黄酮和多酚含量。BGE处理的细胞中的ATP水平显著高于对照组；BGE处理的细胞中ROS生成和谷胱甘肽二硫化物水平较低，但谷胱甘肽（GSH）和烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸（NADPH）水平高于其他组。BGE预处理可抑制细胞凋亡，因此可能通过清除ROS保护细胞免受氧化应激诱导的细胞损伤。
总体而言，我们的结果表明，BGE通过清除ROS、维持氧化还原状态和激活抗氧化防御系统，比WGE或RGE更有效地保护AML-12细胞免受氧化应激诱导的细胞损伤。
