Zhao Kai, Yu Lu, Jin Yuyan, Ma Xueling, Liu Dan, Wang Xiaohua, Wang Xin
Key Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Life Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, Heilongjiang, China.
Department of Neurosurgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China.
Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao. 2016 Aug 25;32(8):1038-1051. doi: 10.13345/j.cjb.150519.
Taxol is one of the most important chemotherapeutic drugs against cancer. Taxol has been mainly extracted from the bark of yews for a long time. However, methods for the extraction of taxol from the bark of Taxus species were inefficient and environmentally costly. As a result of the high ecological toll exacted on trees with the potential for Pacific yew extinction, investigators began to look for other methods of taxol production. Recently, increasing efforts have been made to develop alternative means of taxol production, such as using complete chemical synthesis, semi-synthesis, Taxus spp. plant cell culture and microbe fermentation. Using microbe fermentation in the production of taxol would be a very prospective method for obtaining a large amount of taxol. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the molecular basis and genetic regulation mechanisms of taxol biosynthesis by endophytic fungi, which may be helpful to construct the genetic engineering strain with high taxol output. In this paper, the taxol biosynthesis pathway from Taxus cells and the advantages of taxol biosynthesis by endophytic fungi were discussed. The study on the isolation and biodiversity of taxol-producing endophytic fungi and the taxol biosynthesis related genes are also discussed.
紫杉醇是最重要的抗癌化疗药物之一。长期以来，紫杉醇主要从红豆杉的树皮中提取。然而，从红豆杉属植物树皮中提取紫杉醇的方法效率低下且对环境成本高昂。由于对可能导致太平洋紫杉灭绝的树木造成了高昂的生态代价，研究人员开始寻找其他生产紫杉醇的方法。最近，人们越来越努力地开发紫杉醇生产的替代方法，例如使用全化学合成、半合成、红豆杉属植物细胞培养和微生物发酵。利用微生物发酵生产紫杉醇将是获得大量紫杉醇的一种非常有前景的方法。因此，有必要了解内生真菌紫杉醇生物合成的分子基础和遗传调控机制，这可能有助于构建高紫杉醇产量的基因工程菌株。本文讨论了红豆杉细胞中紫杉醇的生物合成途径以及内生真菌紫杉醇生物合成的优势。还讨论了产紫杉醇内生真菌的分离和生物多样性以及与紫杉醇生物合成相关基因的研究。
