1 Nestlé Research Center, Vers-Chez-Les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland.
2 Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science and Technology Research (A*STAR), 30 Medical Drive, 117609 Singapore.
Benef Microbes. 2017 Oct 13;8(5):763-778. doi: 10.3920/BM2017.0064. Epub 2017 Oct 12.
The acquisition and early maturation of infant microbiota is not well understood despite its likely influence on later health. We investigated the contribution of the maternal microbiota to the microbiota of infant gut and nose in the context of mode of delivery and feeding. Using 16S rRNA sequencing and specific qPCR, we profiled microbiota of 42 mother-infant pairs from the GUSTO birth cohort, at body sites including maternal vagina, rectum and skin; and infant stool and nose. In our study, overlap between maternal vaginal microbiota and infant faecal microbiota was minimal, while the similarity between maternal rectal microbiota and infant microbiota was more pronounced. However, an infant's nasal and gut microbiota were no more similar to that of its own mother, than to that of unrelated mothers. These findings were independent of delivery mode. We conclude that the transfer of maternal vaginal microbes play a minor role in seeding infant stool microbiota. Transfer of maternal rectal microbiota could play a larger role in seeding infant stool microbiota, but approaches other than the generally used analyses of community similarity measures are likely to be needed to quantify bacterial transmission. We confirmed the clear difference between microbiota of infants born by Caesarean section compared to vaginally delivered infants and the impact of feeding mode on infant gut microbiota. Only vaginally delivered, fully breastfed infants had gut microbiota dominated by Bifidobacteria. Our data suggest that reduced transfer of maternal vaginal microbial is not the main mechanism underlying the differential infant microbiota composition associated with Caesarean delivery. The sources of a large proportion of infant microbiota could not be identified in maternal microbiota, and the sources of seeding of infant gut and nasal microbiota remain to be elucidated.
尽管婴儿肠道微生物群可能会对其后期健康产生影响，但人们对其获取和早期成熟过程的了解并不充分。我们研究了分娩方式和喂养方式对婴儿肠道和鼻腔微生物群中母体微生物群的影响。我们使用 16S rRNA 测序和特定 qPCR 技术，对 GUSTO 出生队列的 42 对母婴进行了研究，检测了母体阴道、直肠和皮肤以及婴儿粪便和鼻腔等部位的微生物群。在我们的研究中，母体阴道微生物群与婴儿粪便微生物群之间的重叠很小，而母体直肠微生物群与婴儿微生物群之间的相似性更为显著。然而，婴儿的鼻腔和肠道微生物群与自身母亲的微生物群相似性，并不高于与无关母亲的微生物群相似性。这些发现与分娩方式无关。我们得出结论，母体阴道微生物的转移在婴儿粪便微生物群的定植中作用较小。母体直肠微生物的转移可能在婴儿粪便微生物群的定植中起更大作用，但除了通常使用的群落相似性度量分析方法之外，可能还需要其他方法来量化细菌的传播。我们证实了经剖宫产分娩的婴儿与经阴道分娩的婴儿之间的肠道微生物群存在明显差异，以及喂养方式对婴儿肠道微生物群的影响。只有经阴道分娩、完全母乳喂养的婴儿的肠道微生物群以双歧杆菌为主。我们的数据表明，与剖宫产相关的婴儿肠道微生物群组成差异的主要机制不是母体阴道微生物转移减少。婴儿微生物群的很大一部分来源无法从母体微生物群中确定，婴儿肠道和鼻腔微生物群的定植来源仍有待阐明。
