Serafini Gianluca, Geoffroy Pierre A, Aguglia Andrea, Adavastro Giulia, Canepa Giovanna, Pompili Maurizio, Amore Mario
a Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry , University of Genoa , Genoa , Italy.
b Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S 1144 , Université Paris Diderot , Paris , France.
Nord J Psychiatry. 2018 Jan;72(1):63-71. doi: 10.1080/08039488.2017.1385851. Epub 2017 Oct 12.
Affective temperaments, hopelessness, alexithymia, and anxiety/agitation symptoms may play a significant role in the psychopathological characteristics of bipolar disorder (BD). Here, we aimed to investigate the eventual association between the mentioned explanatory variables and anxiety/agitation symptoms in BD.
We recruited at the Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, University of Genoa (Italy), 92 BD inpatients having a mean age of 52 (±13.8) years. Participants were assessed using specific psychometric instruments. Anxiety/agitation symptoms have been evaluated using the 11-item of the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II).
Overall, 53.8% of participants presented with anxiety/agitation symptoms and 46.2% without. The two groups significantly differed about socio-economic status, lifetime psychotic symptoms, and residual depressive symptoms between episodes. Anxiety/agitation symptoms significantly correlated with irritable affective temperament (r = 0.407; p = .01), hopelessness (r = 0.541; p ≤ .001), difficulty identifying feelings (r = 0.440; p ≤ .001), difficulty describing feelings (r = 0.437; p ≤ .001), and externally oriented-thinking (r = 0.393; p ≤ .001). After multivariate analyses, irritable affective temperament (OR = 2.457, p ≤ .01) and less lifetime psychotic symptoms (OR = 0.007, p ≤ .05) remained the only significant variables associated with anxiety/agitation symptoms.
The generalization of the main findings is limited by the small sample size and cross-sectional study design. Nevertheless, our results suggest that the careful assessment of affective temperaments and psychotic symptoms may help to early identify BD patients suffering from anxiety/agitation symptoms and may allow to perform targeted interventions in the clinical practice.
情感气质、绝望感、述情障碍及焦虑/激越症状可能在双相情感障碍（BD）的精神病理特征中起重要作用。在此，我们旨在研究上述解释变量与BD患者焦虑/激越症状之间的最终关联。
我们在意大利热那亚大学神经科学系精神病学科招募了92名平均年龄为52（±13.8）岁的BD住院患者。使用特定的心理测量工具对参与者进行评估。焦虑/激越症状采用贝克抑郁量表第二版（BDI-II）的11项条目进行评估。
总体而言，53.8%的参与者存在焦虑/激越症状，46.2%的参与者无此症状。两组在社会经济地位、终生精神病性症状及发作间期残留抑郁症状方面存在显著差异。焦虑/激越症状与易激惹情感气质（r = 0.407；p = 0.01）、绝望感（r = 0.541；p≤0.001）、难以识别情感（r = 0.440；p≤0.001）、难以描述情感（r = 0.437；p≤0.001）及外向性思维（r = 0.393；p≤0.001）显著相关。多因素分析后，易激惹情感气质（OR = 2.457，p≤0.01）及较少的终生精神病性症状（OR = 0.007，p≤0.05）仍然是与焦虑/激越症状相关的唯一显著变量。
主要研究结果的普遍性受到样本量小和横断面研究设计的限制。尽管如此，我们的结果表明，仔细评估情感气质和精神病性症状可能有助于早期识别患有焦虑/激越症状的BD患者，并可能在临床实践中进行有针对性的干预。
