The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia.
The School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Oct 13;18(10):2141. doi: 10.3390/ijms18102141.
The evolutionary response to endemic infections with parasitic worms (helminth) was the development of a distinct regulatory immune profile arising from the need to encapsulate the helminths while simultaneously repairing tissue damage. According to the old friend's hypothesis, the diminished exposure to these parasites in the developed world has resulted in a dysregulated immune response that contributes to the increased incidence of immune mediated diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Indeed, the global distribution of MS shows an inverse correlation to the prevalence of helminth infection. On this basis, the possibility of treating MS with helminth infection has been explored in animal models and phase 1 and 2 human clinical trials. However, the possibility also exists that the individual immune modulatory molecules secreted by helminth parasites may offer a more defined therapeutic strategy.
针对寄生虫（蠕虫）地方性感染的进化反应是形成一种独特的调节性免疫特征，这是因为需要包裹寄生虫，同时修复组织损伤。根据“老朋友假说”，在发达国家，人们接触这些寄生虫的机会减少，导致免疫反应失调，从而导致免疫介导疾病（如多发性硬化症）的发病率上升。事实上，多发性硬化症的全球分布与寄生虫感染的流行呈反比。在此基础上，人们已经在动物模型和 1 期和 2 期人体临床试验中探索了用寄生虫感染来治疗多发性硬化症的可能性。然而，寄生虫分泌的个体免疫调节分子也可能提供更明确的治疗策略。
