Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
Department of Chemical Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Box 124, 22100, Lund, Sweden.
Adv Mater. 2018 Jan;30(2). doi: 10.1002/adma.201703487. Epub 2017 Oct 13.
Conventional 3D organic-inorganic halide perovskites have recently undergone unprecedented rapid development. Yet, their inherent instabilities over moisture, light, and heat remain a crucial challenge prior to the realization of commercialization. By contrast, the emerging 2D Ruddlesden-Popper-type perovskites have recently attracted increasing attention owing to their great environmental stability. However, the research of 2D perovskites is just in their infancy. In comparison to 3D analogues, they are natural quantum wells with a much larger exciton binding energy. Moreover, their inner structural, dielectric, optical, and excitonic properties remain to be largely explored, limiting further applications. This review begins with an introduction to 2D perovskites, along with a detailed comparison to 3D counterparts. Then, a discussion of the organic spacer cation engineering of 2D perovskites is presented. Next, quasi-2D perovskites that fall between 3D and 2D perovskites are reviewed and compared. The unique excitonic properties, electron-phonon coupling, and polarons of 2D perovskites are then be revealed. A range of their (opto)electronic applications is highlighted in each section. Finally, a summary is given, and the strategies toward structural design, growth control, and photophysics studies of 2D perovskites for high-performance electronic devices are rationalized.
传统的 3D 有机-无机卤化物钙钛矿最近经历了前所未有的快速发展。然而，在实现商业化之前，它们对水分、光照和热量的固有不稳定性仍然是一个关键挑战。相比之下，新兴的 2D 类钙钛矿最近由于其出色的环境稳定性而引起了越来越多的关注。然而，2D 钙钛矿的研究还处于起步阶段。与 3D 类似物相比，它们是天然的量子阱，具有更大的激子结合能。此外，它们的内部结构、介电、光学和激子特性仍在很大程度上有待探索，限制了进一步的应用。本综述首先介绍了 2D 钙钛矿，并与 3D 钙钛矿进行了详细比较。然后，讨论了 2D 钙钛矿的有机间隔阳离子工程。接下来，综述并比较了处于 3D 和 2D 钙钛矿之间的准 2D 钙钛矿。然后揭示了 2D 钙钛矿的独特激子特性、电子-声子耦合和极化子。在每个部分都强调了它们在各种（光电）应用中的作用。最后，进行了总结，并对 2D 钙钛矿在高性能电子器件中的结构设计、生长控制和光物理研究策略进行了合理化。
