Olsen Jonathan R, Macdonald Laura, Ellaway Anne
MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, 200 Renfield Street, Glasgow G2 3QB, United Kingdom.
Centre for Research on Environment, Society and Health (CRESH), Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, 1 Lilybank Gardens, Glasgow G12 8RZ, United Kingdom.
J Transp Health. 2017 Sep;6:366-378. doi: 10.1016/j.jth.2017.03.012.
The aim of the study was to examine changes over time in satisfaction with usual transport mode, explore individual and area level characteristics as mediators in the likelihood of transport satisfaction, and whether any changes in transport satisfaction varied by these factors over time.
Adults from West Central Scotland, United Kingdom, who participated at both waves of the repeat cross-sectional 'Transport, Health and Well-being Study' conducted in 1997 (n=2735) and 2010 (n=2024) were assessed. Individuals completed a detailed postal questionnaire at both time points including self-rated satisfaction with usual transport mode (using a seven point scale subsequently dichotomised to a binary outcome of satisfied (1-2) and other (3-7)). Participants reported usual transport mode for travel to various destinations. A multilevel logistic regression model was used and individuals were nested within areas (c. 4000 population).
At the 2010 sweep, two thirds (n=1345) of individuals were satisfied with their transport choice. Those with fair/poor health were less satisfied with their usual transport compared to those in better health (Odds Ratio (OR) 0.49, p<0.001). Access to a car was associated with overall transport satisfaction (OR 2.63, p<0.001) and the effect of deprivation on transport satisfaction was mitigated when adjusted by household car access. Transport satisfaction increased more from 1997 to 2010 for retired individuals compared to those in employment (OR 1.40, p=0.032), and for those who travelled by public transport (OR 2.39, p=0.005) and using multiple modes (OR 2.19, p<0.001) compared to those who travelled by car.
The proportion of those who travelled using public transport, active modes or by multiple mode increased journey satisfaction over time at a greater rate than those who travelled by car, highlighting that continued efforts should be made to promote these more active transport modes which have potential to impact on health.
本研究旨在考察对常用交通方式的满意度随时间的变化，探究个体和区域层面特征作为交通满意度可能性的中介因素，以及交通满意度的任何变化是否随时间因这些因素而有所不同。
对来自英国苏格兰中西部的成年人进行评估，这些人参与了1997年（n = 2735）和2010年（n = 2024）进行的重复横断面“交通、健康与福祉研究”的两波调查。个体在两个时间点都完成了一份详细的邮寄问卷，包括对常用交通方式的自评满意度（使用七点量表，随后二分法分为满意（1 - 2）和其他（3 - 7）的二元结果）。参与者报告了前往不同目的地的常用交通方式。使用了多层次逻辑回归模型，个体嵌套在各个区域内（约4000人口）。
在2010年的调查中，三分之二（n = 1345）的个体对其交通选择感到满意。与健康状况较好的人相比，健康状况一般/较差的人对其常用交通方式的满意度较低（优势比（OR）0.49，p < 0.001）。拥有汽车与总体交通满意度相关（OR 2.63，p < 0.001），当通过家庭汽车拥有情况进行调整时，贫困对交通满意度的影响得到缓解。与在职人员相比，退休人员从1997年到2010年交通满意度的提高幅度更大（OR 1.40，p = 0.032），与乘坐汽车出行的人相比，乘坐公共交通出行的人（OR 2.39，p = 0.005）和使用多种交通方式出行的人（OR 2.19，p < 0.001）交通满意度提高幅度更大。
使用公共交通、主动出行方式或多种交通方式出行的人的比例随时间推移，出行满意度提高的速度比乘坐汽车出行的人更快，这突出表明应继续努力推广这些更积极的交通方式，因为它们有可能对健康产生影响。
