Olsen Jonathan R, Mitchell Richard, Mutrie Nanette, Foley Louise, Ogilvie David
MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, 200 Renfield Street, Glasgow G2 3QB, United Kingdom.
Centre for Research on Environment, Society and Health, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, 200 Renfield Street, Glasgow G2 3QB, United Kingdom.
Prev Med Rep. 2017 Sep 28;8:129-134. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2017.09.008. eCollection 2017 Dec.
This study aimed to describe active travel (walking or cycling) in Scotland and explore potential demographic, geographic, and socio-economic inequalities in active travel. We extracted data for the period 2012-13 (39,585 journey stages) from the Scottish Household Survey. Survey travel diaries recorded all journeys made on the previous day by sampled individuals aged 16 + living within Scotland, and the stages within each journey. Descriptive statistics were calculated for journey stages, mode, purpose and distance. Logistic regression models were fitted to examine the relationship between the likelihood of a journey stage being active, age, sex, area deprivation and urban/rural classification. A quarter of all journey stages were walked or cycled (26%, n: 10,280/39,585); 96% of these were walked. Those living in the least deprived areas travelled a greater average distance per active journey stage than those in the most deprived. The likelihood of an active journey stage was higher for those living in the most deprived areas than for those in the least deprived (Odds Ratio (OR) 1.21, 95% CI 1.04-1.41) and for those in younger compared to older age groups (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.34-0.58). In conclusion, socio-economic inequalities in active travel were identified, but - contrary to the trends for many health-beneficial behaviours - with a greater likelihood of active travel in more deprived areas. This indicates a potential contribution to protecting and improving health for those whose health status tends to be worse. Walking was the most common mode of active travel, and should be promoted as much as cycling.
本研究旨在描述苏格兰的主动出行（步行或骑自行车）情况，并探讨主动出行中潜在的人口统计学、地理和社会经济不平等现象。我们从苏格兰家庭调查中提取了2012 - 2013年期间的数据（39585个行程阶段）。调查出行日记记录了居住在苏格兰境内年龄在16岁及以上的抽样个体在前一天进行的所有行程以及每个行程中的各个阶段。对行程阶段、出行方式、出行目的和距离进行了描述性统计分析。采用逻辑回归模型来检验行程阶段为主动出行的可能性与年龄、性别、地区贫困程度以及城乡分类之间的关系。所有行程阶段中有四分之一是步行或骑自行车出行（26%，n = 10280/39585）；其中96%是步行。生活在贫困程度最低地区的人，每个主动出行行程阶段的平均出行距离比贫困程度最高地区的人更远。贫困程度最高地区的人进行主动出行行程阶段的可能性高于贫困程度最低地区的人（优势比（OR）为1.21，95%置信区间为1.04 - 1.41），并且与年龄较大的群体相比，年龄较小的群体进行主动出行行程阶段的可能性更高（OR为0.44，95%置信区间为0.34 - 0.58）。总之，我们发现了主动出行中的社会经济不平等现象，但与许多有益健康行为的趋势相反，在贫困程度更高的地区主动出行的可能性更大。这表明对于健康状况往往较差的人群而言，主动出行可能有助于保护和改善健康。步行是最常见的主动出行方式，应与骑自行车一样大力推广。
