Danner Ursula, Avian Alexander, Macheiner Tanja, Salchinger Beate, Dalkner Nina, Fellendorf Frederike T, Birner Armin, Bengesser Susanne A, Platzer Martina, Kapfhammer Hans-Peter, Probst Michel, Reininghaus Eva Z
Department Health Sciences/Physiotherapy, FH Campus Wien, University of Applied Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
PLoS One. 2017 Oct 16;12(10):e0186597. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186597. eCollection 2017.
Despite the importance of body awareness for health and well-being there is still a lack of valid assessment tools to scan proper body awareness. To respond to the limitations of questionnaires (reading/interpretation problems) the Awareness-Body-Chart (ABC) was designed to assess body awareness by colouring 51 regions according to their awareness. The objective of this study was to investigate the psychometric characteristics of the ABC.
In a questionnaire-study, 106 students in Graz (79 females, 27 males, age median 21 (IQR 20-23) years) filled in the ABC, furthermore a German body awareness questionnaire "KEKS", and the Beck Depression Inventory II. Factor structure, internal consistency, and retest reliability of the ABC were investigated. Correlations of the ABC with the KEKS and the Beck Depression Inventory II and comparisons of subgroups were conducted.
Through factor analyses, 14 factors with clear assignments to body parts could be categorized: cranium, face, cervical/lumbar region, chest/abdomen, back, shoulder, upper arm, lower arm/elbow, hand, genital area, thigh/hip, knee, lower leg, and foot. The 14 body parts and the total score showed acceptable to high Cronbach's alphas (α = .64 - .97). The test-retest reliability showed values between ρ = .71 and ρ = .96. The correlation of the ABC and KEKS (r = .66, p < .001) confirmed validity. Further indications of validity could be seen in comparisons of subgroups and in correlations with the Beck Depression Inventory II.
The ABC proved good psychometric properties with acceptable to high internal consistency, acceptable to high retest reliability and high construct validity. It is an easy-to-use tool for clinical settings and research. The ABC opens new insights into body awareness-patterns of various subgroups.
尽管身体意识对健康和幸福很重要，但仍缺乏有效的评估工具来衡量适当的身体意识。为应对问卷的局限性（阅读/解释问题），设计了身体意识图表（ABC），通过根据对51个区域的感知进行涂色来评估身体意识。本研究的目的是调查ABC的心理测量特征。
在一项问卷调查研究中，格拉茨的106名学生（79名女性，27名男性，年龄中位数21岁（四分位间距20 - 23岁））填写了ABC，此外还填写了一份德国身体意识问卷“KEKS”和贝克抑郁量表第二版。研究了ABC的因子结构、内部一致性和重测信度。进行了ABC与KEKS以及贝克抑郁量表第二版的相关性分析和亚组比较。
通过因子分析，可以将14个明确对应身体部位的因子进行分类：颅骨、面部、颈/腰区域、胸部/腹部、背部、肩部、上臂、下臂/肘部、手部、生殖器区域、大腿/臀部、膝盖、小腿和足部。14个身体部位和总分显示出可接受至高的克朗巴哈系数（α = 0.64 - 0.97）。重测信度值在ρ = 0.71至ρ = 0.96之间。ABC与KEKS的相关性（r = 0.66，p < 0.001）证实了其有效性。在亚组比较以及与贝克抑郁量表第二版的相关性中可以看到有效性的进一步迹象。
ABC具有良好的心理测量特性，内部一致性可接受至高，重测信度可接受至高，结构效度高。它是临床环境和研究中易于使用的工具。ABC为不同亚组的身体意识模式提供了新的见解。
