Department of Food Science, Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Institut d'Economie Rurale du Mali, BP 258, Bamako, Mali.
Department of Food Science, Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
Nutr Res. 2017 Sep;45:46-51. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2017.06.009. Epub 2017 Jul 6.
Gastric emptying rate influences how fast the nutrients of a meal are delivered to the body, and when slow, it moderates glycemic response and may impact satiety. Carbohydrates are one of the macronutrients that trigger the ileal brake, and we hypothesized that slowly digestible carbohydrate (SDC) administered in a premeal load would delay gastric emptying. A crossover design study was conducted with 10 healthy adults using fabricated SDC-microspheres (cooked) that were given 20 minutes before a non-nutritive viscous paste meal. There were 4 treatment arms, each separated by a 1-week washout period, consisting of (1) the paste alone, (2) a rapidly digesting maltodextrin (Polycose) preload followed by the paste 20 minutes later, (3) an SDC-microsphere preload followed by the paste, and (4) a comparably slower SDC-microsphere preload followed by the paste. A C-labeled octanoic acid breath test method was used to measure gastric emptying, with the label incorporated into the non-nutritive paste. The microspheres were less than 1 mm in diameter (a size that does not require breakdown in the stomach before emptying) and, after cooking, were of the same density value. Compared with the paste alone, both of the SDC-microsphere preloads (slow and comparably slower digesting) decreased gastric emptying rate of the paste, with the latter having the most effect (half-emptying times of 1.7, 2.3, and 2.8 hours, respectively [each different at P<.05]). In conclusion, SDCs decreased gastric emptying rate, and this was suggested to be due to a triggering of the ileal brake.
胃排空速率影响餐食营养物质向体内输送的速度，当排空速度较慢时，它可以调节血糖反应，并可能影响饱腹感。碳水化合物是触发回肠制动的宏量营养素之一，我们假设在餐前负荷中给予缓慢消化的碳水化合物 (SDC) 将延迟胃排空。一项交叉设计研究在 10 名健康成年人中进行，使用 20 分钟前给予非营养性粘性糊餐的加工 SDC 微球（烹饪）。有 4 种治疗臂，每种治疗臂之间间隔 1 周洗脱期，包括（1）单独糊剂，（2）快速消化的麦芽糊精（聚右旋糖）预负荷，20 分钟后再给予糊剂，（3）SDC 微球预负荷，然后再给予糊剂，（4）比较缓慢的 SDC 微球预负荷，然后再给予糊剂。使用 C 标记的辛酸呼气试验方法测量胃排空，标签掺入非营养糊剂中。微球直径小于 1 毫米（在胃排空之前不需要分解的大小），并且经过烹饪后具有相同的密度值。与单独的糊剂相比，两种 SDC 微球预负荷（消化速度较慢和比较慢）均降低了糊剂的胃排空率，后者的效果最为显著（分别为 1.7、2.3 和 2.8 小时的半排空时间[每种情况均不同，P<.05]）。总之，SDC 降低了胃排空率，这被认为是回肠制动的触发所致。
