美国医院护士的生活方式与健康相关结果：系统评价。
Lifestyles and Health-Related Outcomes of U.S. Hospital Nurses: A Systematic Review.
机构信息
Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA.
Community Health Systems, University of California, San Francisco, CA.
出版信息
Nurs Outlook. 2018 Jan-Feb;66(1):66-76. doi: 10.1016/j.outlook.2017.08.013. Epub 2017 Sep 5.
BACKGROUND
Nurses' modifiable lifestyles have important health-related consequences.
PURPOSE
To examine the literature on U.S. hospital nurses' activity, diet, and health outcomes of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks and health-related quality of life (HRQOL).
METHOD
A systematic review using of the literature from June 2006 to June 2016 resulted in 13 studies on U.S. hospital nurses' diet, physical activity and CVD and HRQOL outcomes. Methodological rigor was assessed using Cummings et al., adapted quality rating tool.
DISCUSSION
Nurses are at risk for poor health outcomes due to inadequate physical activity (60%-74%) and eating a poor quality diet (53%-61%). Fewer than 5% of U.S. nurses engage in five healthy lifestyle behaviors (diet, activity, no tobacco, alcohol, and weight). Adequate physical activity contributes to better HRQOL and a healthy diet reduces CVD risks (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, stroke).
CONCLUSIONS
Nurses' inactivity and poor diet increases risks for CVD and diminished HRQOL.
背景
护士的可改变生活方式对健康相关结果有重要影响。
目的
研究美国医院护士的活动、饮食以及心血管疾病（CVD）风险和健康相关生活质量（HRQOL）的健康结果。
方法
采用系统评价方法，检索 2006 年 6 月至 2016 年 6 月期间的文献，共纳入 13 项关于美国医院护士饮食、身体活动与 CVD 和 HRQOL 结局的研究。采用 Cummings 等人改编的质量评价工具评估方法学严谨性。
讨论
由于身体活动不足（60%-74%）和饮食质量差（53%-61%），护士的健康结果较差。美国护士中不到 5%的人从事 5 种健康的生活方式行为（饮食、活动、不吸烟、不饮酒和控制体重）。充分的身体活动有助于提高 HRQOL，健康饮食可降低 CVD 风险（高血压、糖尿病、肥胖、中风）。
结论
护士活动不足和饮食不良会增加 CVD 风险和降低 HRQOL。
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