Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.
National Research Institute for Child Health & Development, Tokyo, Japan.
J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017 Dec;140(6):1622-1631. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.08.029. Epub 2017 Oct 13.
This review highlights advances in mechanisms of allergic disease, particularly type 2 innate lymphoid cells; T2 lymphocytes; eicosanoid regulation of inflammation; extracellular vesicles in allergic responses; IL-33; microbiome properties, especially as they relate to mucosal barrier function; and a series of findings concerning the allergic inflammatory cells eosinophils, basophils, and mast cells. During the last year, mechanistic advances occurred in understanding type 2 innate lymphoid cells, particularly related to their response to ozone, involvement with experimental food allergy responses, and regulation by IL-33. Novel ways of regulating T2 cells through epigenetic regulation of GATA-3 through sirtuin-1, a class III histone deacetylase, were published. The understanding of eicosanoid regulation of inflammation increased and focused on additional properties of phospholipase A and the role of prostaglandin D and its receptors and inhibitory prostaglandin E pathways. Mechanisms through which extracellular vesicles are released and contribute to allergic responses were reported. There was a deeper appreciation of mucosal barrier function, the epithelial alarmin IL-33, and the microbiome. Finally, there were advances concerning allergic inflammatory cells (mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils) that will undoubtedly have an effect on disease understanding and new therapeutic strategies.
这篇综述强调了过敏疾病机制方面的进展，特别是 2 型先天淋巴细胞；T2 淋巴细胞；花生四烯酸类物质对炎症的调节；过敏反应中外泌体的作用；IL-33；微生物组特性，特别是与黏膜屏障功能的关系；以及一系列关于过敏炎症细胞嗜酸性粒细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞和肥大细胞的发现。在过去的一年中，人们对 2 型先天淋巴细胞的机制有了更深入的了解，特别是它们对臭氧的反应、与实验性食物过敏反应的关系以及 IL-33 的调节。通过组蛋白去乙酰化酶 sirtuin-1 对 GATA-3 的表观遗传调控来调节 T2 细胞的新方法已经发表。人们对花生四烯酸类物质对炎症的调节有了更深入的了解，并关注了磷脂酶 A 的其他特性以及前列腺素 D 及其受体和抑制性前列腺素 E 途径的作用。报告了细胞外囊泡释放和参与过敏反应的机制。人们对黏膜屏障功能、上皮警报素 IL-33 和微生物组有了更深入的了解。最后，关于过敏炎症细胞（肥大细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞）的进展无疑将对疾病的理解和新的治疗策略产生影响。
