Stange Jonathan P, Alloy Lauren B, Fresco David M
University of Illinois at Chicago.
Temple University.
Clin Psychol (New York). 2017 Sep;24(3):245-276. doi: 10.1111/cpsp.12201. Epub 2017 Jun 13.
The study of vulnerabilities to depression typically identifies factors that are thought to be universally maladaptive or adaptive. In contrast, researchers recently have theorized that the ability to engage in different thoughts and behaviors that fit situational demands may be most indicative of psychological health. We review empirical evidence from 147 studies reporting associations between five components of flexibility (set-shifting, affective set-shifting, cardiac vagal control, explanatory flexibility, and coping flexibility) and depression and classify studies according to strength of study design. Evidence from correlational and case-controlled studies suggests cross-sectional relationships, but few prospective studies have been conducted. We discuss limitations of existing studies, identify new directions for programmatic research, and discuss implications that flexibility has for the prevention and treatment of depression.
对抑郁症易感性的研究通常会确定那些被认为普遍具有适应不良或适应性的因素。相比之下，研究人员最近提出理论，认为能够根据情境需求进行不同思维和行为的能力可能最能表明心理健康状况。我们回顾了147项研究的实证证据，这些研究报告了灵活性的五个组成部分（任务转换、情感任务转换、心脏迷走神经控制、解释灵活性和应对灵活性）与抑郁症之间的关联，并根据研究设计的强度对研究进行分类。相关性研究和病例对照研究的证据表明存在横断面关系，但前瞻性研究较少。我们讨论了现有研究的局限性，确定了项目研究的新方向，并讨论了灵活性对抑郁症预防和治疗的影响。
