Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
Molecules. 2017 Oct 17;22(10):1749. doi: 10.3390/molecules22101749.
Mustard is a vegetable that provides a number of phytonutrients. However, the phytonutrient profile of mustard has been relatively limited. We analyzed the glucosinolates and their hydrolysis products, carotenoids, total anthocyanin and phenolic contents, and antioxidant capacity of the leaves of 11 mustard cultivars grown in a greenhouse at the baby leaf and mature stages. An aliphatic glucosinolate sinigrin and its hydrolysis products allyl isothiocyanate and 1-cyano-2,3-epithiopropane were the major phytonutrients in the mustard leaves. Carotenoids β-carotene, lutein, violaxanthin, and neoxanthin were detected. We found phytonutrient concentration and their change with plant growth were cultivar-dependent. The %RDA value for vitamin A calculated using β-carotene content and retinol activity equivalents suggests that mustard cultivars used in this study can be a good source of vitamin A. Phenolic contents and antioxidant capacity also varied among cultivars and between physiological stages. Our results suggest that mustard leaves are rich in various phytochemicals and their composition depends on cultivar and the physiological stage. This is the first report on phytochemical composition in various mustard cultivars at different physiological stages.
芥菜是一种蔬菜，提供了许多植物营养素。然而，芥菜的植物营养素谱相对有限。我们分析了在温室中生长的 11 个芥菜品种的幼叶和成熟叶中的硫代葡萄糖苷及其水解产物、类胡萝卜素、总花青素和酚类含量以及抗氧化能力。芥菜叶中的主要植物营养素是脂肪族硫代葡萄糖苷黑芥子硫苷酸钾及其水解产物丙烯基异硫氰酸酯和 1-氰基-2,3-亚乙基硫代丙腈。检测到类胡萝卜素β-胡萝卜素、叶黄素、玉米黄质和新黄质。我们发现植物营养素浓度及其随植物生长的变化与品种有关。使用β-胡萝卜素含量和视黄醇活性当量计算的维生素 A 的%RDA 值表明，本研究中使用的芥菜品种可以成为维生素 A 的良好来源。酚类含量和抗氧化能力也在品种之间和生理阶段之间存在差异。我们的结果表明，芥菜叶富含各种植物化学物质，其组成取决于品种和生理阶段。这是首次在不同生理阶段的各种芥菜品种中报告植物化学物质组成。
