Ku Kang-Mo, Jeffery Elizabeth H, Juvik John A, Kushad Mosbah M
†Department of Crop Sciences and ‡Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801-3838, United States.
J Agric Food Chem. 2015 Mar 25;63(11):2947-55. doi: 10.1021/jf505591z. Epub 2015 Mar 16.
Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana) is a perennial crop and its ground root tissue is used in condiments because of the pungency of the glucosinolate (GS)-hydrolysis products allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) and phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) derived from sinigrin and gluconasturtiin, respectively. Horseradish roots are sold in three grades: U.S. Fancy, U.S. No. 1, and U.S. No. 2 according to the USDA standards. These grading standards are primarily based on root diameter and length. There is little information on whether root grades vary in their phytochemical content or potential health promoting properties. This study measured GS, GS-hydrolysis products, potential anticancer activity (as quinone reductase inducing activity), total phenolic content, and antioxidant activities from different grades of horseradish accessions. U.S. Fancy showed significantly higher sinigrin and AITC concentrations than U.S. No. 1 ,whereas U.S. No. 1 showed significantly higher concentrations of 1-cyano 2,3-epithiopropane, the epithionitrile hydrolysis product of sinigrin, and significantly higher total phenolic concentrations than U.S. Fancy.
辣根（Armoracia rusticana）是一种多年生作物，其根部组织因其硫代葡萄糖苷（GS）水解产物异硫氰酸烯丙酯（AITC）和苯乙基异硫氰酸酯（PEITC）的辛辣味而被用于制作调味品，这两种产物分别来源于黑芥子硫苷酸钾和葡糖芥苷。根据美国农业部的标准，辣根根部分为三个等级：美国特级、美国一级和美国二级。这些分级标准主要基于根的直径和长度。关于不同等级的辣根在植物化学成分或潜在健康促进特性方面是否存在差异，目前几乎没有相关信息。本研究测定了不同等级辣根样品中的GS、GS水解产物、潜在抗癌活性（以醌还原酶诱导活性表示）、总酚含量和抗氧化活性。美国特级辣根中的黑芥子硫苷酸钾和AITC浓度显著高于美国一级辣根，而美国一级辣根中的1-氰基-2,3-环氧丙烷（黑芥子硫苷酸钾的环硫腈水解产物）浓度和总酚浓度则显著高于美国特级辣根。
