Department of Nursery and Seed Science, Research Institute of Horticulture, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, Skierniewice, Poland.
Department of Nursery and Seed Science, Research Institute of Horticulture, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, Skierniewice, Poland.
J Plant Physiol. 2017 Dec;219:81-90. doi: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.09.007. Epub 2017 Sep 28.
The aim of the study was to improve the effect of stratification of apple "Ligol" seeds by application of selected compounds, phytohormones, and physical methods For this purpose the seeds were stratified at 3°C in distilled water or in the presence of potassium nitrate (KNO), ethephon (ET), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen peroxide (HO), a mixture of KNO, ET, CO, HO, gibberellins (GA), 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA) and a mixture of SA, GA, BAP, JA, nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen chloride (HCL). Arranged protocols included various durations and combinations of selected compounds and phytohormones as well as laser and red light, heat shock - 2h heat shock (45°C) and Pulsed Radio Frequency (PRF) were investigated by germination tests and the activity of selected enzymes, gas exchange and index of chlorophyll in leaves. The obtained results showed the possibility to shorten more effectively the time of the apple 'Ligol' dormancy removal by treatments of the stratified seeds at 3°C with different biological and physical methods Selected compounds and phytohormones acted collectively as a regulatory complex controlling the course of release from dormancy. Physical methods (PRF and heat shock) additionally contributed to dormancy breakage. Duration of phytohormones or compounds impacts during stratification should be prolonged to minimum 7days to assure more balanced conditions of the regulatory complex for the acceleration of dormancy a removal. The most beneficial results were obtained after seed stratification for 7days on filter paper moistened in KNO+Etephon+CO+HO at 3°C, and then on filter paper moistened in phytohormones (GA+BAP+JA) till the end of seed germination (3°C). The application of this protocol could be a very useful tool in a shortening the apple breeding cycle since the period of removing dormancy was reduced by 38days in comparison to stratified in water. PRF has also the additive role in breaking dormancy of apple 'Ligol' seed. Positive effects of compounds and phytohormones applied during stratification remarkably accelerated the growth of developed from them seedlings. Further research is needed to optimize stratification methods with appropriate contents and concentrations of compounds and phytohormones combined with PRF exposure.
本研究的目的是通过应用选定的化合物、植物激素和物理方法来提高苹果“Ligol”种子分层的效果。为此，将种子在 3°C 下用蒸馏水或硝酸钾 (KNO)、乙烯利 (ET)、一氧化碳 (CO)、过氧化氢 (HO)、KNO、ET、CO、HO、赤霉素 (GA)、6-苄基氨基嘌呤 (BAP)、茉莉酸 (JA)、水杨酸 (SA) 和 SA、GA、BAP、JA、一氧化氮 (NO)、盐酸 (HCL) 的混合物进行分层。安排的方案包括各种选定的化合物和植物激素的持续时间和组合，以及激光和红光、热休克-2h 热休克（45°C）和脉冲射频 (PRF)，通过发芽试验和选定酶的活性、气体交换和叶片叶绿素指数进行研究。结果表明，通过在 3°C 下用不同的生物和物理方法处理分层种子，可以更有效地缩短苹果“Ligol”休眠去除的时间。选定的化合物和植物激素共同作用作为一个调节复合物，控制休眠释放的过程。物理方法（PRF 和热休克）也有助于打破休眠。在分层过程中，植物激素或化合物的作用时间应延长至至少 7 天，以确保调节复合物更平衡的条件，从而加速休眠的消除。在 3°C 下用 KNO+Etephon+CO+HO 润湿的滤纸分层 7 天后，然后在 GA+BAP+JA 润湿的滤纸上分层，直至种子发芽结束（3°C），获得最有益的结果。该方案的应用可能是缩短苹果育种周期的非常有用的工具，因为与在水中分层相比，休眠去除时间缩短了 38 天。PRF 在打破苹果“Ligol”种子休眠方面也具有附加作用。在分层过程中应用化合物和植物激素的积极作用显著加速了从它们中生长出来的幼苗的生长。需要进一步研究以优化分层方法，适当的化合物和植物激素含量和浓度与 PRF 暴露相结合。
