Stein Renee, Xu Songli, Marano Mariette, Williams Weston, Cheng Qi, Eke Adanze, Moore Andrea, Wang Guoshen
Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, CDC.
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2017 Oct 20;66(41):1100-1104. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6641a2.
Diagnoses of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among women declined 17% during 2011-2015, and a total of 7,498 women received a diagnosis of HIV infection in 2015 (1). Although black or African American (black) women accounted for only 12% of the U.S. female population, 60% of women with newly diagnosed HIV infection were black (1,2). By the end of 2014, an estimated 255,900 women were living with HIV infection (3), including approximately 12% who did not know they were infected; in addition, approximately 45% of women who had received a diagnosis had not achieved viral suppression (3). HIV testing is an important public health strategy for identifying women with HIV infection and linking them to HIV medical care. Analysis of CDC-funded program data submitted by 61 health departments in 2015 indicated that among 4,749 women tested who received a diagnosis of HIV infection, 2,951 (62%) had received a diagnosis in the past (previous diagnosis), and 1,798 (38%) were receiving a diagnosis for the first time (new diagnosis). Of those who had received a previous diagnosis, 87% were not in HIV medical care at the time of the current test. Testing and identifying women who are living with HIV infection but who are not in care (regardless of when they received their first diagnosis) and rapidly linking them to care so they can receive antiretroviral therapy and become virally suppressed are essential for reducing HIV infection among all women.
2011 - 2015年期间,女性人群中人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染的诊断率下降了17%,2015年共有7498名女性被诊断为HIV感染(1)。尽管黑人或非裔美国(黑人)女性仅占美国女性人口的12%,但新诊断为HIV感染的女性中有60%是黑人(1,2)。到2014年底,估计有255,900名女性感染了HIV(3),其中约12%的人不知道自己已被感染;此外,约45%已确诊的女性尚未实现病毒抑制(3)。HIV检测是一项重要的公共卫生策略,用于识别感染HIV的女性并将她们与HIV医疗服务联系起来。对2015年61个卫生部门提交的由美国疾病控制与预防中心(CDC)资助项目数据的分析表明,在4749名接受检测并被诊断为HIV感染的女性中,2951名(62%)曾有过诊断(既往诊断),1798名(38%)是首次被诊断(新诊断)。在那些有过既往诊断的人中,87%在当前检测时未接受HIV医疗服务。检测并识别感染了HIV但未接受治疗的女性(无论她们何时首次确诊),并迅速将她们与治疗联系起来,以便她们能够接受抗逆转录病毒治疗并实现病毒抑制,对于减少所有女性中的HIV感染至关重要。