Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China.
Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, China.
Adv Appl Microbiol. 2017;101:137-168. doi: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2017.01.003. Epub 2017 Mar 3.
Following the development of nuclear science and technology, uranium contamination has been an ever increasing concern worldwide because of its potential for migration from the waste repositories and long-term contaminated environments. Physical and chemical techniques for uranium pollution are expensive and challenging. An alternative to these technologies is microbially mediated uranium bioremediation in contaminated water and soil environments due to its reduced cost and environmental friendliness. To date, four basic mechanisms of uranium bioremediation-uranium bioreduction, biosorption, biomineralization, and bioaccumulation-have been established, of which uranium bioreduction and biomineralization have been studied extensively. The objective of this review is to provide an understanding of recent developments in these two fields in relation to relevant microorganisms, mechanisms, influential factors, and obstacles.
随着核科学技术的发展，铀污染因其有从废物库和长期污染环境中迁移的潜力，而引起了全世界越来越多的关注。铀污染的物理和化学技术既昂贵又具有挑战性。由于成本降低和环境友好，微生物介导的铀生物修复成为了这些技术的替代方法，可用于污染水和土壤环境。迄今为止，已经建立了铀生物修复的四个基本机制——铀生物还原、生物吸附、生物矿化和生物积累，其中铀生物还原和生物矿化已经得到了广泛的研究。本综述的目的是了解这两个领域与相关微生物、机制、影响因素和障碍相关的最新进展。
