Lusk Sally Lechlitner, McCullagh Marjorie, Dickson Victoria Vaughan, Xu Jiayun
Health Behavior Expert Panel.
Health Behavior Expert Panel.
Nurs Outlook. 2017 Sep-Oct;65(5):652-656. doi: 10.1016/j.outlook.2017.08.001.
Although noise as a cause of hearing loss and tinnitus among civilian (Hearing health care for adults: Priorities for improving access and affordability, 2016) and military populations (Noise and military service: Implications for hearing loss and tinnitus, 2006) is well known, studies conducted in the past 15 years document that noise exposures negatively affect health by contributing to many diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, obesity, developmental delays, mental illness, and reduced job and academic performance (Basner et al., 2015; Lusk, Gillespie, Hagerty, & Ziemba, 2004; Münzel, Gori, Babisch, & Basner, 2014; Pyko et al., 2015; Ristovska, Laszlo, & Hansell, 2014; Tzivian et al., 2015; Yoon, Hong, Roh, Kim, & Won, 2015). Reducing noise will decrease the incidence of diseases and also decrease health care costs. The American Academy of Nursing supports efforts to determine sources of harmful noise, establish programs (e.g., educational, surveillance, testing) to reduce noise, and promote policies and legislation to control noise exposures (Lusk, McCullagh, Dickson, & Xu, 2016).
尽管在平民群体(《成人听力保健:改善可及性和可负担性的优先事项》,2016年)和军事群体(《噪声与军事服役:对听力损失和耳鸣的影响》,2006年)中,噪声作为听力损失和耳鸣的一个成因已广为人知,但过去15年开展的研究表明,噪声暴露会导致包括心血管疾病、肥胖症、发育迟缓、精神疾病以及工作和学业表现下降在内的多种疾病,从而对健康产生负面影响(巴斯纳等人,2015年;拉斯克、吉莱斯皮、哈格蒂和齐恩巴,2004年;明策尔、戈里、巴比施和巴斯纳,2014年;皮科等人,2015年;里斯托夫斯卡、拉兹洛和汉塞尔,2014年;齐维安等人,2015年;尹、洪、罗、金和元,2015年)。减少噪声将降低疾病发病率,还能降低医疗成本。美国护理学会支持开展相关工作,以确定有害噪声的来源,制定减少噪声的计划(如教育、监测、检测),并推动控制噪声暴露的政策和立法(拉斯克、麦卡拉、迪克森和徐,2016年)。