Sopp Marie Roxanne, Michael Tanja, Weeß Hans-Günter, Mecklinger Axel
Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Saarland University, Campus A1.3, 66123, Saarbruecken, Germany.
Interdisciplinary Center of Sleep, Pfalzklinikum, Klinikum für Psychiatrie und Neurologie AdöR, Klingenmünster, Germany.
Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci. 2017 Dec;17(6):1186-1209. doi: 10.3758/s13415-017-0542-8.
When an episode of emotional significance is encountered, it often results in the formation of a highly resistant memory representation that is easily retrieved for many succeeding years. Recent research shows that beyond generic consolidation processes, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep importantly contributes to this effect. However, the boundary conditions of consolidation processes during REM sleep, specifically whether these extend to source memory, have not been examined extensively. The current study tested the effects of putative consolidation processes emerging during REM sleep and slow wave sleep (SWS) on item and source memory of negative and neutral images, respectively. Results demonstrate superior emotional relative to neutral item memory retention after both late night REM sleep and early night SWS. Emotional source memory, on the other hand, exhibited an attenuated decline following late night REM sleep, whereas neutral source memory was selectively preserved across early night SWS. This pattern of results suggests a selective preservation of emotional source memory during REM sleep that is functionally dissociable from SWS-dependent reprocessing of neutral source memory. This was further substantiated by a neurophysiological dissociation: Postsleep emotional source memory was selectively correlated with frontal theta lateralization (REM sleep), whereas postsleep neutral item memory was correlated with SWS spindle power. As such, the present results contribute to a more comprehensive characterization of sleep-related consolidation mechanisms underlying emotional and neutral memory retention. Subsidiary analysis of emotional reactivity to previously encoded material revealed an enhancing rather than attenuating effect of late night REM sleep on emotional responses.
当遇到具有情感意义的事件时，它通常会导致形成一种高度抗遗忘的记忆表征，这种表征在随后的许多年里都很容易被提取。最近的研究表明，除了一般的巩固过程外，快速眼动（REM）睡眠对这种效应也有重要贡献。然而，REM睡眠期间巩固过程的边界条件，特别是这些条件是否扩展到源记忆，尚未得到广泛研究。当前的研究分别测试了REM睡眠和慢波睡眠（SWS）期间出现的假定巩固过程对负面和中性图像的项目记忆和源记忆的影响。结果表明，在深夜REM睡眠和早间SWS之后，相对于中性项目记忆保留，情感项目记忆更优。另一方面，情感源记忆在深夜REM睡眠后衰减下降，而中性源记忆在早间SWS期间被选择性保留。这种结果模式表明，REM睡眠期间情感源记忆被选择性保留，这在功能上与依赖SWS的中性源记忆再处理是可分离的。这通过神经生理学上的分离得到了进一步证实：睡眠后的情感源记忆与额叶θ波侧化（REM睡眠）选择性相关，而睡眠后的中性项目记忆与SWS纺锤波功率相关。因此，本研究结果有助于更全面地描述与睡眠相关的巩固机制，这些机制是情感和中性记忆保留的基础。对先前编码材料的情感反应的辅助分析表明，深夜REM睡眠对情感反应有增强而非减弱的作用。
