Acoustic Science and Technology Laboratory, College of Underwater Acoustic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China.
Department of Electronic Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.
J Healthc Eng. 2017;2017:9580385. doi: 10.1155/2017/9580385. Epub 2017 Jul 30.
Noninvasive medical procedures are usually preferable to their invasive counterparts in the medical community. Anemia examining through the palpebral conjunctiva is a convenient noninvasive procedure. The procedure can be automated to reduce the medical cost. We propose an anemia examining approach by using a Kalman filter (KF) and a regression method. The traditional KF is often used in time-dependent applications. Here, we modified the traditional KF for the time-independent data in medical applications. We simply compute the mean value of the red component of the palpebral conjunctiva image as our recognition feature and use a penalty regression algorithm to find a nonlinear curve that best fits the data of feature values and the corresponding levels of hemoglobin (Hb) concentration. To evaluate the proposed approach and several relevant approaches, we propose a risk evaluation scheme, where the entire Hb spectrum is divided into high-risk, low-risk, and doubtful intervals for anemia. The doubtful interval contains the Hb threshold, say 11 g/dL, separating anemia and nonanemia. A suspect sample is the sample falling in the doubtful interval. For the anemia screening purpose, we would like to have as less suspect samples as possible. The experimental results show that the modified KF reduces the number of suspect samples significantly for all the approaches considered here.
在医学界，非侵入性医疗程序通常优于其侵入性对应物。通过眼睑结膜检查贫血是一种方便的非侵入性程序。该程序可以自动化，以降低医疗成本。我们提出了一种通过使用卡尔曼滤波器 (KF) 和回归方法来检查贫血的方法。传统的 KF 常用于时变应用。在这里，我们为医学应用中的时不变数据修改了传统的 KF。我们只需计算眼睑结膜图像的红色分量的平均值作为我们的识别特征，并使用惩罚回归算法来找到最佳拟合特征值和相应血红蛋白 (Hb) 浓度数据的非线性曲线。为了评估所提出的方法和几种相关方法，我们提出了一种风险评估方案，其中整个 Hb 谱分为贫血的高风险、低风险和可疑区间。可疑区间包含贫血和非贫血之间的 Hb 阈值，例如 11 g/dL。可疑样本是落在可疑区间内的样本。对于贫血筛查目的，我们希望尽可能少的可疑样本。实验结果表明，对于这里考虑的所有方法，改进的 KF 都显著减少了可疑样本的数量。
