Li Wenjun, Procter-Gray Elizabeth, Youssef Gretchen A, Crouter Scott E, Cheng Jie, Brown Kristen, Churchill Linda, Clarke Anthony, Ockene Judith K, Magee Michelle F
Health Statistics and Geography Lab, Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
MedStar Diabetes and Research Institutes, 100 Irving Street, NW, East Bldg. #4114, Washington, DC 20010, USA.
AIMS Public Health. 2017;4(2):149-170. doi: 10.3934/publichealth.2017.2.149. Epub 2017 Apr 21.
Proper levels of physical activity (PA) are important to healthy aging. Little is known about racial differences in influences of neighborhood perceptions (NP) on PA and use of neighborhood resources among community-dwelling older women.
In 2014 and 2015, 49 white and 44 black women of age 65 and older living in Washington, DC were queried about their PA, NP, use of neighborhood resources and sociodemographic characteristics. They wore an accelerometer and a Global Positioning System device concurrently for 7 consecutive days. Data were analyzed by race.
Compared to Whites, Blacks had lower NP scores (71% positive 77%, = 0.01), lower mean daily step counts (mean (SD): 3256 (1918) 5457 (2989), < 0.001), and lower frequencies of all exercise activities combined (19.7 (8.7) 25.2 (11.8) per week, = 0.01). For both Whites and Blacks, better NPs were associated with more frequent PA both at ( = 0.05) and away from home ( = 0.01). However, better NPs were associated with higher frequencies of exercise activities, moderate-to-high intensity activities, and utilitarian walking for Whites but not Blacks ( < 0.05 for race-perception interaction terms).
In an urban setting, older Black women were more likely than older White women to have poor NPs, less PA, and weaker or no association of positive NPs with higher levels of certain PAs. Such substantial racial differences warrant further investigation and consideration in health promotion programs.
适当水平的身体活动对健康老龄化很重要。关于邻里认知（NP）对社区居住老年女性身体活动及邻里资源利用的影响方面的种族差异，我们知之甚少。
2014年和2015年，对居住在华盛顿特区的49名65岁及以上的白人女性和44名黑人女性进行了询问，了解她们的身体活动、邻里认知、邻里资源利用情况及社会人口学特征。她们同时佩戴加速度计和全球定位系统设备连续7天。按种族对数据进行分析。
与白人相比，黑人的邻里认知得分较低（71%为积极认知 77%，P = 0.01），平均每日步数较少（均值（标准差）：3256（1918） 5457（2989），P < 0.001），所有运动活动的综合频率较低（每周19.7（8.7） 25.2（11.8），P = 0.01）。对于白人和黑人来说，更好的邻里认知与在家（P = 0.05）和离家（P = 0.01）时更频繁的身体活动都相关。然而，更好的邻里认知与白人的运动活动、中等至高强度活动以及功利性步行的更高频率相关，但与黑人无关（种族 - 认知交互项的P < 0.05）。
在城市环境中，老年黑人女性比老年白人女性更有可能具有较差的邻里认知、较少的身体活动，并且积极的邻里认知与某些身体活动水平较高之间的关联较弱或不存在。这种显著的种族差异值得在健康促进项目中进一步调查和考虑。
