Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
Chin Med J (Engl). 2017 Nov 5;130(21):2616-2623. doi: 10.4103/0366-6999.217092.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is featured with motor disorder and nonmotor manifestations including psychological symptoms, autonomic nervous system dysfunction, and paresthesia, which results in great inconvenience to the patients' life. The apolipoprotein (Apo) superfamily, as a group of potentially modifiable biomarkers in clinical practice, is of increasing significance in the diagnosis, evaluation, and prognosis of PD. The present review summarized the current understanding and emerging findings of the relationship between Apo superfamily and PD.
All literatures were identified by systematically searching PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane electronic databases with terms "Parkinson disease," "apolipoprotein," and their synonyms until May 2017.
We have thoroughly examined titles and abstracts of all the literatures that met our search strategy and the full text if the research is identified or not so definite. Reference lists of retrieved articles were also scrutinized for additional relevant studies.
The levels of plasma ApoA1 are inversely correlated with the risk of PD and the lower levels of ApoA1 trend toward association with poorer motor performance. Higher ApoD expression in neurons represents more puissant protection against PD, which is critical in delaying the neurodegeneration process of PD. It is suggested that APOE alleles are related to development and progression of cognitive decline and age of PD onset, but conclusions are not completely identical, which may be attributed to different ApoE isoforms. APOJ gene expressions are upregulated in PD patients and it is possible that high ApoJ level is an indicator of PD dementia and correlates with specific phenotypic variations in PD.
The Apo superfamily has been proved to be closely involved in the initiation, progression, and prognosis of PD. Apos and their genes are of great value in predicting the susceptibility of PD and hopeful to become the target of medical intervention to prevent the onset of PD or slow down the progress. Therefore, further large-scale studies are warranted to elucidate the precise mechanisms of Apos in PD.
帕金森病（PD）以运动障碍和非运动表现为特征，包括心理症状、自主神经系统功能障碍和感觉异常，这给患者的生活带来了极大的不便。载脂蛋白（Apo）超家族作为一组在临床实践中具有潜在可调节性的生物标志物，在 PD 的诊断、评估和预后方面具有越来越重要的意义。本综述总结了 Apo 超家族与 PD 之间关系的现有认识和新发现。
通过系统地在 PubMed、Embase 和 Cochrane 电子数据库中搜索“帕金森病”、“载脂蛋白”及其同义词，检索截至 2017 年 5 月的所有文献。
我们仔细检查了所有符合我们搜索策略的文献的标题和摘要，如果研究不确定，则检查全文。还仔细审查了检索到的文章的参考文献列表，以寻找其他相关研究。
血浆 ApoA1 水平与 PD 风险呈负相关，ApoA1 水平较低则提示运动功能较差。神经元中 ApoD 的高表达代表对 PD 更强的保护作用，这对延缓 PD 的神经退行性变过程至关重要。研究表明 APOE 等位基因与认知能力下降的发展和进展以及 PD 的发病年龄有关，但结论并不完全一致，这可能归因于不同的 ApoE 同工型。APOJ 基因在 PD 患者中表达上调，高水平的 ApoJ 可能是 PD 痴呆的指标，并与 PD 的特定表型变化相关。
Apo 超家族已被证明与 PD 的发生、发展和预后密切相关。Apo 及其基因在预测 PD 的易感性方面具有重要价值，有望成为预防 PD 发病或减缓进展的医学干预靶点。因此，需要进一步进行大规模研究以阐明 Apo 在 PD 中的确切机制。
