Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China.
Proteomics. 2018 Mar;18(5-6):e1700193. doi: 10.1002/pmic.201700193. Epub 2017 Dec 21.
It is recognized now that various proteinaceous membrane-less organelles (PMLOs) are commonly found in cytoplasm, nucleus, and mitochondria of various eukaryotic cells (as well as in the chloroplasts of plant cells). Being different from the "traditional" membrane-encapsulated organelles, such as chloroplasts, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, mitochondria, nucleus, and vacuoles, PMLOs solve the cellular need to facilitate and regulate molecular interactions via reversible and controllable isolation of target molecules in specialized compartments. PMLOs possess liquid-like behavior and are believed to be formed as a result of biological liquid-liquid phase transitions (LLPTs, also known as liquid-liquid phase separation), where an intricate interplay between RNA and intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) or hybrid proteins containing ordered domains and intrinsically disordered protein regions (IDPRs) may play an important role. This review analyzes the prevalence of intrinsic disorder in proteins associated with various PMLOs found in human cells and considers some of the functional roles of IDPs/IDPRs in biogenesis of these organelles.
现在人们已经认识到，各种蛋白质无膜细胞器（PMLOs）普遍存在于各种真核细胞的细胞质、细胞核和线粒体中（以及植物细胞的叶绿体中）。与“传统”的膜包被细胞器（如叶绿体、内质网、高尔基体、溶酶体、线粒体、细胞核和液泡）不同，PMLOs 通过在专门的隔室中可逆和可控地隔离靶分子来解决细胞促进和调节分子相互作用的需求。PMLOs 具有液态样行为，据信是由于生物液-液相转变（LLPTs，也称为液-液相分离）形成的，其中 RNA 和固有无序蛋白（IDPs）或含有有序结构域和固有无序蛋白区域（IDPRs）的混合蛋白之间的复杂相互作用可能发挥重要作用。本综述分析了与在人类细胞中发现的各种 PMLO 相关的蛋白质中固有无序的普遍性，并考虑了 IDPs/IDPRs 在这些细胞器生物发生中的一些功能作用。
