The use of adjuncts to reduce seroma in open incisional hernia repair: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND

Seroma formation remains a common complication after an incisional hernia repair. The use of surgical drains is widespread, but evidence for their use and other adjuncts is limited. Our aim was to perform a systematic review of the literature on techniques used to reduce the incidence of post-operative seroma formation.

METHODS

A systematic search of PubMed and Embase databases was conducted using terms including "incisional hernia" and "seroma". All studies on adults undergoing open incisional hernia repair with at least one intervention designed to reduce seroma formation were included.

RESULTS

Of the 1093 studies identified, 9 met the inclusion criteria. Medical talc: one cohort study of 74 patients undergoing talc application following pre-peritoneal mesh placement found a significantly decreased rate of seroma formation of 20.8 versus 2.7% (p < 0.001), but a retrospective study including 21 patients with onlay mesh found an increased rate of 76% seroma formation from 9.5% (p = 0.001). Fibrin glue: one comparative study including 60 patients found a reduction in seroma formation from 53 to 10% (p = 0.003), whereas a retrospective study of 250 patients found no difference (11 vs. 4.9% p = 0.07). Negative pressure wound therapy: four retrospective studies including a total of 358 patients found no difference in seroma outcome. Others: one randomised study of 42 patients undergoing either suction drainage or "quilting" sutures found no difference in seroma formation.

CONCLUSIONS

There is currently insufficient quality evidence to recommend any of the investigated methods, some of which incur significant additional cost.