Monger Adeep, Boonmuen Nittaya, Suksen Kanoknetr, Saeeng Rungnapha, Kasemsuk Teerapich, Piyachaturawat Pawinee, Saengsawang Witchuda, Chairoungdua Arthit
Toxicology Graduate Program, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Email:
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2017 Oct 26;18(10):2845-2851. doi: 10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.10.2845.
Gastric cancer is the most common cancer in Eastern Asia. Increasing chemoresistance and general systemic toxicities have complicated the current chemotherapy leading to an urgent need of more effective agents. The present study reported a potent DNA topoisomerase IIα inhibitory activity of an andrographolide analogue (19-triisopropyl andrographolide, analogue-6) in gastric cancer cells; MKN-45, and AGS cells. The analogue was potently cytotoxic to both gastric cancer cell lines with the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 values) of 6.3±0.7 μM, and 1.7±0.05 μM at 48 h for MKN-45, and AGS cells, respectively. It was more potent than the parent andrographolide and the clinically used, etoposide with the IC50 values of >50 μM in MKN-45 and 11.3±2.9 μM in AGS cells for andrographolide and 28.5±4.4 μM in MKN-45 and 4.08±0.5 μM in AGS cells for etoposide. Analogue-6 at 2 μM significantly inhibited DNA topoisomerase IIα enzyme in AGS cells, induced DNA damage, activated cleaved PARP-1, and Caspase3 leading to late cellular apoptosis. Interestingly, the expression of tumor suppressor p53 was not activated. These results show the importance of 19-triisopropyl-andrographolide in its emerging selectivity to primary target on topoisomerase IIα enzyme, inducing DNA damage and apoptosis by p53- independent mechanism. Thereby, the results provide insights of the potential of 19-triisopropyl andrographolide as an anticancer agent for gastric cancer. The chemical transformation of andrographolide is a promising strategy in drug discovery of a novel class of anticancer drugs from bioactive natural products.
胃癌是东亚地区最常见的癌症。化疗耐药性的增加和全身毒性使当前的化疗变得复杂,迫切需要更有效的药物。本研究报道了穿心莲内酯类似物(19-三异丙基穿心莲内酯,类似物-6)在胃癌细胞(MKN-45和AGS细胞)中具有强大的DNA拓扑异构酶IIα抑制活性。该类似物对两种胃癌细胞系均具有强大的细胞毒性,在48小时时,MKN-45细胞和AGS细胞的半数最大抑制浓度(IC50值)分别为6.3±0.7 μM和1.7±0.05 μM。它比母体穿心莲内酯和临床使用的依托泊苷更有效,穿心莲内酯在MKN-45细胞中的IC50值>50 μM,在AGS细胞中为11.3±2.9 μM;依托泊苷在MKN-45细胞中的IC50值为28.5±4.4 μM,在AGS细胞中为4.08±0.5 μM。2 μM的类似物-6显著抑制AGS细胞中的DNA拓扑异构酶IIα酶,诱导DNA损伤,激活裂解的PARP-1和Caspase3,导致晚期细胞凋亡。有趣的是,肿瘤抑制因子p53的表达未被激活。这些结果表明19-三异丙基穿心莲内酯对拓扑异构酶IIα酶的主要靶点具有新出现的选择性,通过p53非依赖性机制诱导DNA损伤和凋亡,具有重要意义。因此,这些结果为19-三异丙基穿心莲内酯作为胃癌抗癌药物的潜力提供了见解。穿心莲内酯的化学转化是从生物活性天然产物中发现新型抗癌药物的一种有前景的策略。