France Christopher R, France Janis L
Department of Psychology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio.
Transfusion. 2018 Oct;58(10):2360-2364. doi: 10.1111/trf.14934. Epub 2018 Sep 17.
Although the risk of fainting and prefaint reactions (e.g., dizziness, lightheadedness) is low during blood donation, there is evidence that this risk remains a concern for many donors. This study sought to measure perceived risk for such reactions within the general population and to relate perceived risk to individual reports of fear of having blood drawn.
A sample of 1019 men and women (52.2% male; mean ± SD age, 37.2 ± 12.3 years; range, 18-80 years) completed an anonymous online survey that included questions that asked about their 1) estimation of the frequency of faint and prefaint symptoms experienced by blood donors and 2) fear of having blood drawn.
Survey respondents overestimated the risk of both faint and prefaint reactions to blood donation, with estimates of fainting risk being more than 20 times the actual risk. Further, the perceived risk of both faint reactions (F(4,1008) = 25.88, p < 0.001) and prefaint reactions (F(4,1008) = 17.37, p < 0.001) was higher among those who reported greater fear of having blood drawn.
The general public has inflated expectations of the risk for faint and prefaint reactions to blood donation, suggesting that efforts to educate prospective donors with accurate information may help to reduce this relatively common concern.
尽管献血过程中昏厥和昏厥前反应（如头晕、头重脚轻）的风险较低，但有证据表明，这种风险仍是许多献血者担忧的问题。本研究旨在衡量普通人群对此类反应的感知风险，并将感知风险与对采血的恐惧个人报告联系起来。
1019名男性和女性（52.2%为男性；平均年龄±标准差，37.2±12.3岁；范围，18 - 80岁）的样本完成了一项匿名在线调查，其中包括询问他们1）对献血者昏厥和昏厥前症状发生频率的估计，以及2）对采血的恐惧的问题。
调查受访者高估了献血时昏厥和昏厥前反应的风险，昏厥风险估计值是实际风险的20倍以上。此外，在报告对采血有更大恐惧的人群中，昏厥反应（F(4,1008) = 25.88，p < 0.001）和昏厥前反应（F(4,1008) = 17.37，p < 0.001）的感知风险更高。
公众对献血时昏厥和昏厥前反应的风险期望过高，这表明用准确信息对潜在献血者进行教育的努力可能有助于减少这种相对常见的担忧。
