Department of Psychology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA.
New York Blood Center, New York, New York, USA.
Transfusion. 2021 Dec;61(12):3372-3380. doi: 10.1111/trf.16671. Epub 2021 Sep 18.
Elevated fear and anxiety regarding donation-related stimuli (e.g., needles, pain, blood, fainting) has been associated with reduced blood donor recruitment and retention. The present longitudinal study tests the notion that this inverse relationship may be accounted for by lower donation confidence and more negative donation attitudes among fearful first-time donors.
In a sample of 1479 first-time whole blood donors [67.9% female; mean age = 19.3 (standard deviation (SD) = 2.5) years], path analyses were conducted to examine relationships among donor ratings of fear of blood draw and donation anxiety obtained approximately 1 week after donation, donation confidence and attitudes assessed approximately 6 weeks later, and donation attempts over the 14 months following the original donation.
Path analyses indicated that both fear of blood draws and donation anxiety were associated with fewer attempted donations, and that these effects were indirectly mediated by a combination of lower donor confidence and more negative donation attitudes.
Because retention of new blood donors is essential to maintain a healthy blood supply, the results of the present study suggest that first-time donors should be assessed for fear and anxiety so that appropriate strategies can be provided to address their concerns, bolster their confidence and attitudes, and ultimately promote their long-term retention.
与捐赠相关的刺激（如针、疼痛、血液、晕厥）引起的恐惧和焦虑水平升高，与献血者招募和保留率降低有关。本纵向研究检验了这样一种观点，即这种负相关关系可能是由于害怕的首次献血者的捐赠信心较低和更负面的捐赠态度所致。
在 1479 名首次全血献血者样本中（67.9%为女性；平均年龄 19.3（标准差 2.5）岁），进行路径分析以检验以下假设：在大约 1 周后获得的采血和捐赠焦虑的恐惧评分、大约 6 周后评估的捐赠信心和态度，以及在最初捐赠后的 14 个月内的捐赠尝试之间的关系。
路径分析表明，采血恐惧和捐赠焦虑均与捐赠尝试次数减少有关，而这些影响是通过捐赠信心降低和捐赠态度更负面的综合作用间接介导的。
由于新献血者的保留对于维持健康的血液供应至关重要，因此本研究的结果表明，应评估首次献血者的恐惧和焦虑水平，以便提供适当的策略来解决他们的担忧，增强他们的信心和态度，并最终促进他们的长期保留。
