Suppr超能文献

提取图式相关记忆时的神经激活模式:儿童与成人的差异和共性。

Neural activation patterns during retrieval of schema-related memories: differences and commonalities between children and adults.

机构信息

Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Center for Lifespan Psychology, Berlin, Germany.

European University Institute, San Domenico di Fiesole, Italy.

出版信息

Dev Sci. 2017 Nov;20(6). doi: 10.1111/desc.12475. Epub 2016 Nov 4.

Abstract

Schemas represent stable properties of individuals' experiences, and allow them to classify new events as being congruent or incongruent with existing knowledge. Research with adults indicates that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is involved in memory retrieval of schema-related information. However, developmental differences between children and adults in the neural correlates of schema-related memories are not well understood. One reason for this is the inherent confound between schema-relevant experience and maturation, as both are related to time. To overcome this limitation, we used a novel paradigm that experimentally induces, and then probes for, task-relevant knowledge during encoding of new information. Thirty-one children aged 8-12 years and 26 young adults participated in the experiment. While successfully retrieving schema-congruent events, children showed less medial PFC activity than adults. In addition, medial PFC activity during successful retrieval correlated positively with children's age. While successfully retrieving schema-incongruent events, children showed stronger hippocampus (HC) activation as well as weaker connectivity between the striatum and the dorsolateral PFC than adults. These findings were corroborated by an exploratory full-factorial analysis investigating age differences in the retrieval of schema-congruent versus schema-incongruent events, comparing the two conditions directly. Consistent with the findings of the separate analyses, two clusters, one in the medial PFC, one in the HC, were identified that exhibited a memory × congruency × age group interaction. In line with the two-component model of episodic memory development, the present findings point to an age-related shift from a more HC-bound processing to an increasing recruitment of prefrontal brain regions in the retrieval of schema-related events.

摘要

模式代表个体经验的稳定特征,使他们能够将新事件分类为与现有知识一致或不一致。成人研究表明,前额叶皮层(PFC)参与与模式相关的信息的记忆检索。然而,儿童和成人在与模式相关的记忆的神经相关性方面的发展差异尚未得到很好的理解。造成这种情况的一个原因是模式相关经验和成熟之间固有的混淆,因为两者都与时间有关。为了克服这一限制,我们使用了一种新的范式,即在新信息编码过程中实验性地诱导并探测与任务相关的知识。31 名 8-12 岁的儿童和 26 名年轻成年人参加了实验。在成功检索模式一致的事件时,儿童的内侧前额叶皮层活动比成人少。此外,成功检索时内侧前额叶皮层的活动与儿童的年龄呈正相关。在成功检索模式不一致的事件时,儿童的海马体(HC)激活更强,纹状体与背外侧前额叶之间的连接较弱。这些发现通过一项探索性的全因子分析得到了证实,该分析直接比较了两种条件下对模式一致与模式不一致事件的检索,研究了年龄差异。与单独分析的结果一致,在一个位于内侧前额叶皮层,一个位于 HC 的两个簇中,发现了一个记忆×一致性×年龄组的交互作用。与情节记忆发展的双成分模型一致,本研究结果表明,与模式相关的事件检索中,从更依赖于 HC 的处理向越来越多的前额叶脑区的招募发生了与年龄相关的转变。

文献AI研究员

20分钟写一篇综述,助力文献阅读效率提升50倍。

立即体验

用中文搜PubMed

大模型驱动的PubMed中文搜索引擎

马上搜索

文档翻译

学术文献翻译模型,支持多种主流文档格式。

立即体验