Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 100 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G3, Canada; Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, 1 Rope Ferry Road, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 100 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G3, Canada; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, 101 Bagby Ave., Waco, TX 76706, USA; Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, Ontario M6A 2E1, Canada.
Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2018 Sep;153(Pt A):26-39. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2018.02.017. Epub 2018 Feb 21.
Congruence with prior knowledge and incongruence/novelty have long been identified as two prominent factors that, despite their opposing characteristics, can both enhance episodic memory. Using narrative film clip stimuli, this study investigated these effects in naturalistic event memories - examining behaviour and neural activation to help explain this paradox. Furthermore, we examined encoding, immediate retrieval, and one-week delayed retrieval to determine how these effects evolve over time. Behaviourally, both congruence with prior knowledge and incongruence/novelty enhanced memory for events, though incongruent events were recalled with more errors over time. During encoding, greater congruence with prior knowledge was correlated with medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and parietal activation, suggesting that these areas may play a key role in linking current episodic processing with prior knowledge. Encoding of increasingly incongruent events, on the other hand, was correlated with increasing activation in, and functional connectivity between, the medial temporal lobe (MTL) and posterior sensory cortices. During immediate and delayed retrieval the mPFC and MTL each demonstrated functional connectivity that varied based on the congruence of events with prior knowledge; with connectivity between the MTL and occipital regions found for incongruent events, while congruent events were associated with functional connectivity between the mPFC and the inferior parietal lobules and middle frontal gyri. These results demonstrate patterns of neural activity and connectivity that shift based on the nature of the event being experienced or remembered, and that evolve over time. Furthermore, they suggest potential mechanisms by which both congruence with prior knowledge and incongruence/novelty may enhance memory, through mPFC and MTL functional connectivity, respectively.
先前知识的一致性和不一致性/新颖性长期以来一直被认为是两个突出的因素，尽管它们具有相反的特点，但都可以增强情景记忆。本研究使用叙事电影片段刺激，在自然事件记忆中研究了这些影响——考察行为和神经激活，以帮助解释这种悖论。此外，我们还检查了编码、即时检索和一周后的延迟检索，以确定这些影响如何随时间演变。从行为上看，先前知识的一致性和不一致性/新颖性都增强了对事件的记忆，但随着时间的推移，不一致的事件会被错误地回忆起来。在编码过程中，与先前知识的一致性越大，与内侧前额叶皮层（mPFC）和顶叶的激活相关性越高，这表明这些区域可能在将当前情景处理与先前知识联系起来方面发挥关键作用。另一方面，随着事件不一致性的增加，与内侧颞叶（MTL）和后感觉皮层之间的激活和功能连接的增加相关。在即时和延迟检索过程中，mPFC 和 MTL 都表现出基于事件与先前知识的一致性而变化的功能连接；对于不一致的事件，发现 MTL 和枕叶区域之间的连接，而对于一致的事件，则与 mPFC 和下顶叶小叶和中额回之间的功能连接相关。这些结果表明，基于正在经历或记忆的事件的性质，神经活动和连接模式会发生变化，并随时间演变。此外，它们表明了通过 mPFC 和 MTL 功能连接，先前知识的一致性和不一致性/新颖性可能分别增强记忆的潜在机制。
