School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, Auckland 0745, New Zealand.
School of Health Sciences, Massey University, Auckland 0745, New Zealand.
Nutrients. 2017 Oct 27;9(11):1171. doi: 10.3390/nu9111171.
Supplementation with nitrate (NO₃)-rich beetroot juice has been shown to improve exercise performance and cardiovascular (CV) responses, due to an increased nitric oxide (NO) availability. However, it is unclear whether these benefits are greater in older adults who have an age-related decrease in NO and higher risk of disease. This systematic review examines 12 randomised, crossover, control trials, investigating food-based NO₃ supplementation in older adults and its potential benefits on physiological and cognitive performances, and CV, cerebrovascular and metabolic health. Four studies found improvements in physiological performance (time to exhaustion) following dietary NO₃ supplementation in older adults. Benefits on cognitive performance were unclear. Six studies reported improvements in CV health (blood pressure and blood flow), while six found no improvement. One study showed improvements in cerebrovascular health and two found no improvement in metabolic health. The current literature indicates positive effects of dietary NO₃ supplementation in older adults on physiological performance, with some evidence indicating benefits on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular health. Effects on cognitive performance were mixed and studies on metabolic health indicated no benefit. However, there has been limited research conducted on the effects of dietary NO₃ supplementation in older adults, thus, further study, utilising a randomised, double-blind, control trial design, is warranted.
补充富含硝酸盐（NO3-）的甜菜根汁已被证明可以通过增加一氧化氮（NO）的可用性来提高运动表现和心血管（CV）反应。然而，目前尚不清楚这些益处是否在年龄相关的 NO 减少和更高疾病风险的老年人中更大。本系统评价检查了 12 项随机、交叉、对照试验，研究了基于食物的 NO3-在老年人中的补充及其对生理和认知表现以及 CV、脑血管和代谢健康的潜在益处。四项研究发现，老年人饮食中补充硝酸盐后生理表现（疲劳时间）有所改善。认知表现的益处尚不清楚。六项研究报告了 CV 健康（血压和血流）的改善，而六项研究则没有改善。一项研究表明，脑血管健康得到改善，两项研究表明代谢健康没有改善。目前的文献表明，饮食中补充硝酸盐对老年人的生理表现有积极影响，有一些证据表明对心血管和脑血管健康有益。认知表现的影响喜忧参半，关于代谢健康的研究表明没有益处。然而，关于老年人饮食中补充硝酸盐的影响的研究有限，因此，需要进一步的研究，利用随机、双盲、对照试验设计。
