Williams Valerie F, Stahlman Shauna, Fan Michael
MSMR. 2017 Oct;24(10):2-11.
Measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella (MMR/V) are highly communicable infectious diseases whose causative agents are spread through contact with contaminated surfaces or airborne droplets. Individuals at highest risk for MMR/V infections include infants, unvaccinated or inadequately vaccinated persons, individuals living in communities with low vaccination rates or in crowded and unsanitary conditions, and persons with compromised immune systems. During 2010-2016, there were 11 confirmed measles cases and 76 confirmed mumps cases among all Military Health System (MHS) beneficiaries. Only one of the confirmed cases of measles was in a service member. There were seven confirmed rubella cases among all MHS beneficiaries. Among service members, there were 62 confirmed cases of varicella during the surveillance period. The number of confirmed cases of varicella among service members dropped from 28 cases in 2010 and 27 cases in 2011 to seven confirmed cases in 2012. There were no confirmed cases of varicella among active and reserve component service members during 2013-2016. Recent trends in MMR/V in both military and civilian populations in the U.S. highlight the importance of primary and booster vaccinations.
麻疹、腮腺炎、风疹和水痘（MMR/V）是高度传染性的传染病，其病原体通过接触受污染的表面或空气飞沫传播。MMR/V感染风险最高的人群包括婴儿、未接种疫苗或未充分接种疫苗的人、生活在疫苗接种率低或拥挤且不卫生环境中的社区居民，以及免疫系统受损的人。在2010 - 2016年期间，所有军事卫生系统（MHS）受益人群中确诊了11例麻疹病例和76例腮腺炎病例。确诊的麻疹病例中只有1例是军人。所有MHS受益人群中确诊了7例风疹病例。在军人中，监测期间确诊了62例水痘病例。军人中确诊的水痘病例数从2010年的28例和2011年的27例降至2012年的7例确诊病例。在2013 - 2016年期间，现役和后备役军人中均无确诊的水痘病例。美国军人和平民人群中MMR/V的近期趋势凸显了初次接种和加强接种的重要性。
