Williams Valerie F, Stahlman Shauna, Fan Michael
MSMR. 2019 Oct;26(10):2-12.
Measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella (MMR/V) are highly communicable infectious diseases whose causative agents are spread through contact with contaminated surfaces or airborne droplets. Individuals at highest risk for MMR/V infections include infants; unvaccinated or inadequately vaccinated persons; individuals living in communities with low vaccination rates or in crowded, unsanitary conditions; and persons with compromised immune systems. Between 1 January 2016 and 30 June 2019, there were 5 confirmed measles cases and 64 confirmed mumps cases among all Military Health System (MHS) beneficiaries. During this period, no cases of measles were reported among U.S. service members. There were 29 confirmed mumps cases among service members during the surveillance period; 2 cases occurred in 2016, 17 in 2017, 5 in 2018, and 5 in the first 6 months of 2019. There were 6 confirmed rubella cases among all MHS beneficiaries. Among service members, there were 39 confirmed cases of varicella during the surveillance period; 9 cases occurred in 2016, 11 in 2017, 11 in 2018, and 8 in the first 6 months of 2019. Recent trends in MMR/V in both military and civilian populations in the U.S. highlight the importance of primary and booster vaccinations.
麻疹、腮腺炎、风疹和水痘（MMR/V）是高度传染性的传染病，其病原体通过接触受污染的表面或空气传播的飞沫传播。MMR/V感染风险最高的人群包括婴儿；未接种疫苗或未充分接种疫苗的人；生活在疫苗接种率低或拥挤、不卫生环境中的社区的个人；以及免疫系统受损的人。2016年1月1日至2019年6月30日期间，所有军事卫生系统（MHS）受益人中确诊了5例麻疹病例和64例腮腺炎病例。在此期间，美国军人中未报告麻疹病例。在监测期内，军人中有29例确诊腮腺炎病例；2016年发生2例，2017年发生17例，2018年发生5例，2019年前6个月发生5例。所有MHS受益人中确诊了6例风疹病例。在军人中，监测期内确诊了39例水痘病例；2016年发生9例，2017年发生11例，2018年发生11例，2019年前6个月发生8例。美国军人和平民中MMR/V的近期趋势凸显了初次接种和加强接种的重要性。
