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在发展中国家,对卫生保健工作者进行麻疹、风疹、腮腺炎和水痘免疫的疫苗接种前筛查:我们能节省什么?

Prevaccination screening of health-care workers for immunity to measles, rubella, mumps, and varicella in a developing country: What do we save?

机构信息

Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Kayseri, Turkey.

出版信息

J Infect Public Health. 2012 Apr;5(2):127-32. doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2011.11.003. Epub 2012 Jan 18.

Abstract

A structured questionnaire was administered to health-care workers (HCWs). The HCWs were also screened for measles, rubella, mumps, and varicella (MMRV) using serological methods. One thousand two hundred and fifty-five HCWs were tested. Of the HCWs examined, 94% were immune to measles, 97% to rubella, 90% to mumps and 98% to varicella. The positive predictive values of histories of measles, mumps, rubella and varicella were 96%, 93%, 100% and 98%, respectively. The negative predictive values of histories of measles, mumps, rubella and varicella were 13%, 17%, 5% and 2%, respectively. The cost of vaccination without screening was significantly more expensive (cost difference: €24,385) for varicella, although vaccination without screening was cheap (cost difference: €5693) for MMR. Although the use of cheaper vaccines supports the implementation of vaccination programs without screening, the cost of vaccination should not be calculated based only on the direct costs. The indirect costs associated with lost work time due to vaccination and its side effects and the direct costs of potential side effects should be considered. However, if prescreening is not conducted, some HCWs (2-7%) would be unprotected against these contagious illnesses because of the unreliability of their MMRV history. In conclusion, the screening of HCWs before vaccination continues to be advisable.

摘要

研究人员向医护人员(HCWs)发放了一份结构化问卷,并采用血清学方法对其进行麻疹、风疹、腮腺炎和风疹(MMRV)检测。共检测了 1255 名 HCWs。在接受检查的 HCWs 中,94%对麻疹具有免疫力,97%对风疹具有免疫力,90%对腮腺炎具有免疫力,98%对水痘具有免疫力。麻疹、腮腺炎、风疹和水痘既往史的阳性预测值分别为 96%、93%、100%和 98%。麻疹、腮腺炎、风疹和水痘既往史的阴性预测值分别为 13%、17%、5%和 2%。如果不进行筛查,接种水痘疫苗的费用明显更高(费用差异:€24385),尽管不进行筛查接种 MMR 疫苗的费用较低(费用差异:€5693)。虽然使用较便宜的疫苗可以支持不进行筛查的疫苗接种计划的实施,但不应仅根据直接成本来计算疫苗接种的费用。还应考虑因接种及其副作用而导致的工作时间损失的间接成本和潜在副作用的直接成本。然而,如果不进行预筛查,由于 MMRV 既往史不可靠,一些 HCWs(2-7%)可能会对这些传染性疾病没有保护力。总之,接种疫苗前对 HCWs 进行筛查仍然是明智的。

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