Tsunokawa Takaaki, Tsuno Tempei, Mankyu Hirotoshi, Takagi Hideki, Ogita Futoshi
Coaching of Sports and Budo, National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, 893-2393 Shiromizu-cho 1, Kanoya, Kagoshima, Japan.
Doctral Course in Physical Education, National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, 893-2393 Shiromizu-cho 1, Kanoya, Kagoshima, Japan.
Hum Mov Sci. 2018 Feb;57:409-416. doi: 10.1016/j.humov.2017.10.002. Epub 2017 Oct 25.
Through pressure measurement, this study aimed to clarify the effects of hand paddle use on pressure and force generation around the hand during the front crawl. Eight male swimmers performed two trials of front crawl swimming with maximal effort, once using only their hands and once aided by hand paddles. During trials, pressure sensors and underwater motion capture cameras were used together to analyze hand kinematics and pressure forces acting on the hand. Six pressure sensors were attached to the right hand, and pressure forces acting on the right hand were estimated by multiplying the areas and the pressure differences between the palm side and dorsal side of the hand. Acting directions of pressure forces were analyzed using a normal vector perpendicular to the hand, calculated from coordinates of the right hand. As a result, using hand paddles decreases pressure differences between the palm and dorsal sides of hand related to the magnitude of pressure force. However, no difference was found in the mean value of resultant pressure forces compared with using hands alone, because the large surface area of the hand paddle compensated the decreased pressure differences due to decreased hand velocity. In addition, when hand paddles were used, the component of the pressure force acting in propulsive direction was significantly higher. Thus, the ratio of forces acting in the propulsive direction was higher than without hand paddles. These results suggest that the training loads with hand paddles are not high even if the swimming velocities increase because the power generated by upper limb motion didn't increase.
通过压力测量，本研究旨在阐明使用划手掌对自由泳过程中手部周围压力和力量产生的影响。八名男性游泳运动员进行了两次竭尽全力的自由泳试验，一次仅用手，另一次借助划手掌。在试验过程中，压力传感器和水下运动捕捉相机一起用于分析手部运动学和作用于手部的压力。六个压力传感器附着在右手上，通过将手部掌侧和背侧的面积与压力差相乘来估算作用于右手的压力。利用根据右手坐标计算出的垂直于手部的法向量来分析压力的作用方向。结果表明，使用划手掌会减小与压力大小相关的手部掌侧和背侧之间的压力差。然而，与仅用手相比，合成压力的平均值没有差异，因为划手掌的大表面积补偿了由于手部速度降低而减小的压力差。此外，使用划手掌时，作用在推进方向上的压力分量明显更高。因此，作用在推进方向上的力的比例比不使用划手掌时更高。这些结果表明，即使游泳速度增加，使用划手掌的训练负荷也不高，因为上肢运动产生的功率没有增加。
