Bardsley Katie, Deegan Anthony J, El Haj Alicia, Yang Ying
Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, ST4 7QB, UK.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2017;1035:3-18. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-67358-5_1.
Mammalian cells grow within a complex three-dimensional (3D) microenvironment where multiple cells are organized and surrounded by extracellular matrix (ECM). The quantity and types of ECM components, alongside cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix interactions dictate cellular differentiation, proliferation and function in vivo. To mimic natural cellular activities, various 3D tissue culture models have been established to replace conventional two dimensional (2D) culture environments. Allowing for both characterization and visualization of cellular activities within possibly bulky 3D tissue models presents considerable challenges due to the increased thickness and subsequent light scattering features of such 3D models. In this chapter, state-of-the-art methodologies used to establish 3D tissue models are discussed, first with a focus on both scaffold-free and scaffold-based 3D tissue model formation. Following on, multiple 3D live cell imaging systems, mainly optical imaging modalities, are introduced. Their advantages and disadvantages are discussed, with the aim of stimulating more research in this highly demanding research area.
哺乳动物细胞生长在一个复杂的三维（3D）微环境中，多个细胞在其中组织排列并被细胞外基质（ECM）包围。细胞外基质成分的数量和类型，以及细胞间和细胞与基质间的相互作用，决定了体内细胞的分化、增殖和功能。为了模拟自然细胞活动，人们建立了各种三维组织培养模型来取代传统的二维（2D）培养环境。由于这种三维模型厚度增加以及随之而来的光散射特性，要对可能体积较大的三维组织模型中的细胞活动进行表征和可视化，面临着相当大的挑战。在本章中，将讨论用于建立三维组织模型的最新方法，首先重点介绍无支架和基于支架的三维组织模型的形成。接下来，将介绍多种三维活细胞成像系统，主要是光学成像方式。将讨论它们的优缺点，目的是激发在这个高要求研究领域的更多研究。
