Liu Zheng, Guo Jun
Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, PR China.
Carbohydr Res. 2017 Nov 27;452:78-90. doi: 10.1016/j.carres.2017.10.006. Epub 2017 Oct 17.
NKT cells are CD1d-restricted, glycolipid antigen-reactive, immunoregulatory T lymphocytes that can serve as a bridge between the innate and adaptive immunities. NKT cells have a wide range of therapeutic application in autoimmunity, transplant biology, infectious disease, cancer, and vaccinology. Rather than triggering "danger signal" and eliciting an innate immune response, αGalCer-based NKT-cell agonist act via a unique mechanism, recruiting NKT cells which play a T helper-like role even without peptide as Th epitope. Importantly, the non-polymorphism of CD1d render glycolipid a universal helper epitope, offering the potential to simplify the vaccine construct capable of eliciting consistent immune response in different individuals. This review details recent advances in the design of synthetic vaccines using NKT-cell agonist as adjuvant, highlighting the role of organic synthesis and conjugation technique to enhance the immunological actives and to simplify the vaccine constructs.
自然杀伤T细胞（NKT细胞）是受CD1d限制、对糖脂抗原具有反应性的免疫调节性T淋巴细胞，可作为先天性免疫和适应性免疫之间的桥梁。NKT细胞在自身免疫、移植生物学、传染病、癌症和疫苗学等方面具有广泛的治疗应用。基于α-半乳糖神经酰胺（αGalCer）的NKT细胞激动剂并非触发“危险信号”并引发先天性免疫反应，而是通过一种独特的机制发挥作用，招募NKT细胞，这些NKT细胞即使没有作为Th表位的肽也能发挥类似辅助性T细胞的作用。重要的是，CD1d的非多态性使糖脂成为一种通用的辅助表位，为简化能够在不同个体中引发一致免疫反应的疫苗构建体提供了潜力。本综述详细介绍了使用NKT细胞激动剂作为佐剂的合成疫苗设计的最新进展，强调了有机合成和偶联技术在增强免疫活性和简化疫苗构建体方面的作用。
