Bello Idris, Bakkouri Abdulmenem Suliman, Tabana Yasser M, Al-Hindi Bassel, Al-Mansoub Majed Ahmed, Mahmud Roziahanim, Asmawi Mohd Zaini
Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia (USM), 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia (USM), 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
Med Sci (Basel). 2016 Mar 8;4(1):4. doi: 10.3390/medsci4010004.
has been used by traditional medicine practitioners since the medieval ages for the treatment of diseases. The aim of this research was to evaluate the acute and sub-acute oral toxicity of its methanolic extract. The acute toxicity test was conducted using Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. The methanolic extract of stem bark (ASME) was administrated in a single dose of 2000 mg/kg via oral gavage; and the animals were observed for any behavioral changes or mortality. In the sub-acute toxicity study, SD rats received three doses of ASME (250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg) for 28 days via oral gavage. During these 28 days of treatment, the rats were observed weekly for toxicity symptoms. Following the 28-day treatment, the rats were sacrificed for hematological, biochemical and histopathology studies. In the acute toxicity study, was found to be non-toxic at a dose of 2000 mg/kg b.w. In the sub-acute toxicity study, significant variations in body weight, hematological and biochemical parameters were observed in the experimental groups at the dose of 500 and 1000 mg/kg with the death of two female rats being recorded at the highest dose (1000 mg/kg b.w.). Histopathological studies revealed slight degeneration (lesion) and centrilobular necrosis in the liver, which was most expressed in the highest-dose group. These results demonstrate that, while a single dose and short term oral intake of bark extract caused no toxicity up to a dose of 2000 mg/kg b.w., toxic effects manifested in the long term treatment at the highest dose (500 and 1000 mg/kg). The long-term toxic effect was found to be associated with alterations in hematological compositions and end-organ damage to the liver. Thus, prolonged use of high doses of ASME orally should be discouraged and lower doses encouraged.
自中世纪以来，传统医学从业者就使用它来治疗疾病。本研究的目的是评估其甲醇提取物的急性和亚急性口服毒性。急性毒性试验使用的是斯普拉格-道利（SD）大鼠。通过口服灌胃以2000 mg/kg的单剂量给予茎皮的甲醇提取物（ASME）；观察动物是否有任何行为变化或死亡情况。在亚急性毒性研究中，SD大鼠通过口服灌胃接受三剂ASME（250、500和1000 mg/kg），持续28天。在这28天的治疗期间，每周观察大鼠的毒性症状。28天治疗结束后，处死大鼠进行血液学、生化和组织病理学研究。在急性毒性研究中，发现2000 mg/kg体重剂量时无毒。在亚急性毒性研究中，在500和1000 mg/kg剂量的实验组中观察到体重、血液学和生化参数有显著变化，在最高剂量（1000 mg/kg体重）时记录到两只雌性大鼠死亡。组织病理学研究显示肝脏有轻微变性（损伤）和小叶中心坏死，在最高剂量组中最为明显。这些结果表明，虽然单剂量和短期口服树皮提取物在高达2000 mg/kg体重的剂量下不会产生毒性，但在最高剂量（500和1000 mg/kg）的长期治疗中会出现毒性作用。发现长期毒性作用与血液学组成的改变和肝脏终末器官损伤有关。因此，应不鼓励长期口服高剂量的ASME，而鼓励使用较低剂量。
