Abdullahi Nasir Idris, Babayo Adamu, Shehu Muhammad Sagir
Department of Medical Laboratory Services, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, FCT Abuja PMB 228, Nigeria.
Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515 Ilorin, Nigeria.
Med Sci (Basel). 2016 Mar 8;4(1):5. doi: 10.3390/medsci4010005.
Prompt and accurate laboratory testing of women before or during antenatal days is necessary for detecting humoral immunological responses against cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and assessing risk of congenital transmission. CMV is the most common viral etiology with the greatest propensity to induce neonatal pathologies. Most healthcare facilities in developing countries rely solely on anti-CMV IgM and IgG assays in diagnosing CMV infections. However, these parameters have some worrisome limitations. This study reviewed the significance of IgG avidity testing as a highly sensitive and specific tool that improves decisions regarding diagnosis of maternal and congenital CMV infections. We conducted this review from relevant published articles using an extensive literature search made through PubMed, Scopus and Google scholar on the concepts of congenital CMV (CCMV) transmission and clinical significance of IgG avidity testing in diagnosis of CCMV infections. Findings from our review revealed that IgG avidity testing in some developed societies was frequently utilized to resolve dilemmas associated with serodiagnosis of CMV infections, however, there is paucity of information in regards to its use in developing countries. The non-inclusion of IgG avidity testing during serological investigations of CMV could be a reason why congenital CMV infections and associated pathologies often go underdiagnosed in developing countries.
在产前对女性进行及时、准确的实验室检测，对于检测针对巨细胞病毒（CMV）感染的体液免疫反应以及评估先天性传播风险至关重要。CMV是最常见的病毒病因，最容易诱发新生儿病变。发展中国家的大多数医疗机构在诊断CMV感染时仅依赖抗CMV IgM和IgG检测。然而，这些指标存在一些令人担忧的局限性。本研究回顾了IgG亲和力检测作为一种高度敏感和特异的工具的重要性，它有助于改善对母体和先天性CMV感染诊断的决策。我们通过在PubMed、Scopus和谷歌学术上进行广泛的文献搜索，从相关已发表文章中对先天性CMV（CCMV）传播的概念以及IgG亲和力检测在CCMV感染诊断中的临床意义进行了综述。我们综述的结果显示，在一些发达社会中，IgG亲和力检测经常被用于解决与CMV感染血清学诊断相关的难题，然而，关于其在发展中国家的使用情况，信息却很少。在CMV血清学调查中未纳入IgG亲和力检测，可能是发展中国家先天性CMV感染及相关病变常常诊断不足的一个原因。
