Howson F F A, Sayer A A, Roberts H C
F.F.A. Howson, University Hospital Southampton, Medicine for Older People, Tremona Rd, Southampton, Hants SO16 6YD, United Kingdom,
J Nutr Health Aging. 2017;21(9):1038-1049. doi: 10.1007/s12603-016-0847-2.
Malnutrition is common in hospital inpatients and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Insufficient assistance at mealtimes can contribute to this and therefore trained volunteer mealtime assistants may be of benefit.
To identify and review the current evidence for the impact of trained volunteer mealtime assistants on dietary intake and satisfaction with mealtime care in adult hospital inpatients.
A systematic search of Medline, Embase and CINAHL was conducted to identify relevant articles. Articles of any methodology were considered. Quality assessment and data extraction were carried out by two reviewers independently.
Participants were inpatients in a hospital setting, including rehabilitation units. Participants in long term care facilities were excluded.
Articles that examined the effect of trained volunteer mealtime assistants on nutritional outcomes or satisfaction with mealtime care were included.
5576 articles were identified, of which 14 were included in the review. Nine were small research studies and five were quality improvement initiatives. The quality of eight studies was moderate, with one study being of lower quality. Eight articles reported dietary intake and seven demonstrated an improvement, with protein intakes at volunteer mealtimes increasing by 4.3g-10.1g and energy intakes by 44-105kcal. Ten articles reported positive staff, patient and volunteer feedback. No adverse events were reported.
There is evidence from small studies and improvement projects that trained volunteer mealtime assistants are safe and improve satisfaction with mealtime care in hospital inpatients, although evidence for an effect on dietary intake was less consistent. Larger studies with robust methodology are required to confirm this.
营养不良在医院住院患者中很常见，且与发病率和死亡率增加相关。用餐时协助不足可能导致这种情况，因此训练有素的志愿者用餐助理可能会有所帮助。
识别并综述目前关于训练有素的志愿者用餐助理对成年医院住院患者饮食摄入量及用餐护理满意度影响的证据。
对Medline、Embase和CINAHL进行系统检索以识别相关文章。考虑任何方法的文章。由两名审稿人独立进行质量评估和数据提取。
参与者为医院环境中的住院患者，包括康复病房。长期护理机构的参与者被排除。
纳入研究训练有素的志愿者用餐助理对营养结局或用餐护理满意度影响的文章。
共识别出5576篇文章，其中14篇纳入综述。9篇为小型研究，5篇为质量改进项目。8项研究质量中等，1项研究质量较低。8篇文章报告了饮食摄入量，7篇显示有改善，志愿者用餐时蛋白质摄入量增加4.3克至10.1克，能量摄入量增加44至105千卡。10篇文章报告了工作人员、患者和志愿者的积极反馈。未报告不良事件。
小型研究和改进项目的证据表明，训练有素的志愿者用餐助理是安全的，可提高医院住院患者对用餐护理的满意度，尽管对饮食摄入量影响的证据不太一致。需要采用更严谨方法的更大规模研究来证实这一点。
