a Massachusetts General Hospital , Wellman Center for Photomedicine , Boston , MA , USA.
Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2017 Nov;15(11):1059-1069. doi: 10.1080/14787210.2017.1397512. Epub 2017 Oct 31.
Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI) involves the use of non-toxic dyes excited with visible light to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can destroy all classes of microorganisms including bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses. Selectivity of killing microbes over host mammalian cells allows this approach (antimicrobial photodynamic therapy, aPDT) to be used in vivo as an alternative therapeutic approach for localized infections especially those that are drug-resistant. Areas covered: We have discovered that aPDI can be potentiated (up to 6 logs of extra killing) by the addition of simple inorganic salts. The most powerful and versatile salt is potassium iodide, but potassium bromide, sodium thiocyanate, sodium azide and sodium nitrite also show potentiation. The mechanism of potentiation with iodide is likely to be singlet oxygen addition to iodide to form iodine radicals, hydrogen peroxide and molecular iodine. Another mechanism involves two-electron oxidation of iodide/bromide to form hypohalites. A third mechanism involves a one-electron oxidation of azide anion to form azide radical. Expert commentary: The addition of iodide has been shown to improve the performance of aPDT in several animal models of localized infection. KI is non-toxic and is an approved drug for antifungal therapy, so its transition to clinical use in aPDT should be straightforward.
抗菌光动力灭活（aPDI）涉及使用无毒染料，用可见光激发产生的活性氧（ROS），可以破坏包括细菌、真菌、寄生虫和病毒在内的所有微生物。这种方法（抗菌光动力疗法，aPDT）能够选择性地杀死微生物而不伤害宿主哺乳动物细胞，因此可以作为局部感染的替代治疗方法，尤其是那些耐药的感染。
我们已经发现，通过添加简单的无机盐可以增强 aPDI（高达额外杀灭 6 个对数级）。最有效和最通用的盐是碘化钾，但溴化钾、硫氰酸钠、叠氮化钠和亚硝酸钠也显示出增效作用。碘化钾增效的机制可能是单线态氧加成到碘化物上形成碘自由基、过氧化氢和分子碘。另一种机制涉及碘化物/溴化物的两电子氧化形成次卤酸盐。第三种机制涉及叠氮化物阴离子的单电子氧化形成叠氮自由基。
已经证明，在几种局部感染的动物模型中，添加碘化物可以提高 aPDT 的性能。碘化钾无毒，是一种批准用于抗真菌治疗的药物，因此它向 aPDT 的临床应用的转变应该是直接的。
