Quihui-Cota Luis, Morales-Figueroa Gloria Guadalupe, Javalera-Duarte Aarón, Ponce-Martínez José Antonio, Valbuena-Gregorio Edith, López-Mata Marco Antonio
Departamento de Nutrición Pública y Salud, Coordinación de Nutrición, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Hermosillo, Sonora, México.
Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Sonora, Campus Cajeme, Cd. Obregón, Sonora, México.
BMC Public Health. 2017 Oct 30;17(1):852. doi: 10.1186/s12889-017-4822-6.
G. intestinalis and Cryptosporidium spp. are responsible for gastrointestinal infections worldwide. Contaminated food, feces, drinking water and predictors such as poverty, cultural and behavioral aspects have been involved in their transmission. Published studies about these infections are limited in Mexico. Cananea, Sonora is located in northwest Mexico and is one of the regions with the lowest marginalization index in the Sonora state. However, its rate of gastrointestinal infections increased from 48.7/1000 in 2003 to 77.9/1000 in 2010 in the general population. It was estimated that the prevalence of giardiasis can range from 20 to 30% in the Sonoran childhood population. However, the prevalence of giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis are unknown in Cananea, Sonora and they are likely contributing to its gastrointestinal infections rates.
A total of 173 children (average age 8.8 ± 2.8 years) participated in this cross-sectional study. Anthropometric measurements and stool analysis were performed. Socioeconomic, cultural and symptomatology information were collected. The association between the risk factors and intestinal parasitic infections was analyzed by multivariate analysis using the STATA/SE package at a significance level of p ≤ 0.05.
More than half of the children (n = 103, 60%) had intestinal parasitic infections. Cryptosporidium spp. showed the highest prevalence (n = 47, 27%), which was followed by G. intestinalis (n = 40, 23%). Children with giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis had lower H/A and BMI/A Z scores than children who were free of these infections. Children with giardiasis were at higher risk (OR = 4.0; 95%CI = 1.11-13.02; p = 0.030) of reporting abdominal pain, and children who drank tap water were at higher risk (OR = 5.0; 95% CI = 1.41-17.20; p = 0.012) of cryptosporidiosis.
This was the first epidemiological study conducted in children in the region of Cananea, Sonora in northwest Mexico. The findings revealed a high prevalence of cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis, and their interactions with multiple risk factors were investigated. This study suggested that giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis may play an important role as causative factors of gastrointestinal diseases in the study region. Regional authorities must analyze water for human consumption to search for Cryptosporidium spp. and G. intestinalis.
肠道贾第虫和隐孢子虫属是全球范围内引起胃肠道感染的病原体。受污染的食物、粪便、饮用水以及贫困、文化和行为等因素都参与了它们的传播。在墨西哥，关于这些感染的已发表研究有限。索诺拉州的卡纳内亚位于墨西哥西北部，是该州边缘化指数最低的地区之一。然而，2003年至2010年，该地区普通人群的胃肠道感染率从48.7/1000上升至77.9/1000。据估计，索诺拉州儿童人群中贾第虫病的患病率在20%至30%之间。然而，卡纳内亚地区贾第虫病和隐孢子虫病的患病率尚不清楚，它们可能是导致该地区胃肠道感染率上升的原因之一。
共有173名儿童（平均年龄8.8±2.8岁）参与了这项横断面研究。进行了人体测量和粪便分析。收集了社会经济、文化和症状学信息。使用STATA/SE软件包进行多变量分析，分析风险因素与肠道寄生虫感染之间的关联，显著性水平为p≤0.05。
超过一半的儿童（n = 103，60%）患有肠道寄生虫感染。隐孢子虫属的患病率最高（n = 47，27%），其次是肠道贾第虫（n = 40，23%）。患有贾第虫病和隐孢子虫病的儿童的身高/年龄（H/A）和体重指数/年龄（BMI/A）Z评分低于未感染这些寄生虫的儿童。患有贾第虫病的儿童报告腹痛的风险更高（比值比[OR]=4.0；95%置信区间[CI]=1.11 - 13.02；p = 0.030），饮用自来水的儿童感染隐孢子虫病的风险更高（OR = 5.0；95% CI = 1.41 - 17.20；p = 0.012）。
这是在墨西哥西北部索诺拉州卡纳内亚地区儿童中进行的首次流行病学研究。研究结果显示隐孢子虫病和贾第虫病的患病率较高，并对它们与多种风险因素的相互作用进行了调查。本研究表明，贾第虫病和隐孢子虫病可能是该研究地区胃肠道疾病的重要致病因素。地方当局必须对供人类饮用的水进行分析，以查找隐孢子虫属和肠道贾第虫。
