Hess P W, Becker P, Kaplan H B, Kyprianidis A, Lee A C, Neyenhuis B, Pagano G, Richerme P, Senko C, Smith J, Tan W L, Zhang J, Monroe C
Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, MD 20742, USA
Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci. 2017 Dec 13;375(2108). doi: 10.1098/rsta.2017.0107.
Linear arrays of trapped and laser-cooled atomic ions are a versatile platform for studying strongly interacting many-body quantum systems. Effective spins are encoded in long-lived electronic levels of each ion and made to interact through laser-mediated optical dipole forces. The advantages of experiments with cold trapped ions, including high spatio-temporal resolution, decoupling from the external environment and control over the system Hamiltonian, are used to measure quantum effects not always accessible in natural condensed matter samples. In this review, we highlight recent work using trapped ions to explore a variety of non-ergodic phenomena in long-range interacting spin models, effects that are heralded by the memory of out-of-equilibrium initial conditions. We observe long-lived memory in static magnetizations for quenched many-body localization and prethermalization, while memory is preserved in the periodic oscillations of a driven discrete time crystal state.This article is part of the themed issue 'Breakdown of ergodicity in quantum systems: from solids to synthetic matter'.
捕获并激光冷却的原子离子线性阵列是研究强相互作用多体量子系统的通用平台。有效自旋编码在每个离子的长寿命电子能级中，并通过激光介导的光学偶极力相互作用。冷捕获离子实验的优势，包括高时空分辨率、与外部环境解耦以及对系统哈密顿量的控制，被用于测量在天然凝聚态物质样品中不总是能够实现的量子效应。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了近期利用捕获离子探索长程相互作用自旋模型中各种非遍历现象的工作，这些效应由非平衡初始条件的记忆所预示。我们在猝灭多体局域化和预热化的静态磁化中观察到长寿命记忆，而在驱动离散时间晶体态的周期性振荡中记忆得以保留。本文是主题为“量子系统中遍历性的崩溃：从固体到合成物质”特刊的一部分。
